Combustion synthesis of ternary carbide Ti3AlC2 in Ti–Al–C system

Ge, Zhong; Chen, Kexin; Guo, Jin; Zhang, Heping; Ferreira, J.M.F.

doi:10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00098-5

Cited by 146 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Two thirds of the MAX phases discovered to date are synthesized in bulk form only. A variety of methods, such as spark plasma sintering [76], pulse discharge sintering [77], combustion synthesis [78], self-propagating high-temperature synthesis [79], etc., have been explored, with emphasis on hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing [2,80,81]. A great advantage of MAX phases is the apparent possibility to produce fully dense MAX phase compacts without applying pressure, which enhances their potential for commercialization [82].…”

Section: Bulk Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of New MAX Phase Alloys

Mockuté¹

2014

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The cover image is based on a cross-sectional TEM micrograph of a high current pulsed cathodic arc deposited (Cr 0.8 Mn 0.2 ) 2 AlC thin film (20 nm thickness), revealing its island-like nature. © Aurelija MockutėISBN: 978-91-7519-407-3 ISSN 0345-7524 Printed by LiU-Tryck Linköping, Sweden, 2014 AbstractThis Thesis explores synthesis and characterization of new MAX phase alloys (M = early transition metal, A = A-group element, and X = C or N), based on incorporation of M and X elements previously not considered. My primary focus is on M = Mn for attaining magnetic properties, and on X = O for potential tuning of the transport properties. A recent theoretical study predicted (Cr 1-x Mn x ) 2 AlC MAX phase to be a stable magnetic nanolaminate. I aimed at realizing this material and through a combinatorial approach based on magnetron sputtering from elemental targets, the first experimental evidence of Mn incorporation (x = 0.16) in a MAX phase is presented. The corresponding MAX phase was also synthesized using cathodic arc film deposition (x = 0.20) and bulk synthesis methods (x = 0.06). The primary characterization techniques were X-ray diffraction and high-resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and/or electron energy loss spectroscopy, to obtain a precise local quantification of the MAX phase composition and to perform lattice resolved imaging. For epitaxial film growth of (Cr 1-x Mn x ) 2 AlC, evidence is presented for the formation of (Cr 1-y Mn y ) 5 Al 8 , exhibiting a bcc structure with an interplanar spacing matching exactly half a unit cell of the hexagonal MAX phase. Consequently, routinely performed X-ray diffraction symmetric θ-2θ measurements result in peak positions that are identical for the two phases. As (Cr 1-y Mn y ) 5 Al 8 is shown to display a magnetic response, its presence needs to be taken into consideration when evaluating the magnetic properties of the MAX phase. Methods to distinguish between Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningMaterialvetenskap inkluderar forskning på material, dess syntes, struktur och sammansättning samt resulterande egenskaper, med fokus på att utveckla nya material skräddarsydda för specifika ändamål.En viktig del inom materialvetenskapen är forskning på tunna filmer, d.v.s. lager av material med tjocklek från ett atomlager till några mikrometer. Egenskaperna hos en yta, till exempel friktion, slitmotstånd, ledningsförmåga, eller utseende, kan förbättras genom att applicera en lämplig tunnfilm.Den här avhandlingen handlar om en grupp material som kallas MAX-faser. M står för en övergångsmetall (t.ex. Ti, Cr, Nb, Sc), A för ett element från grupp A i det periodiska systemet (t.ex. Al, Si, Ge, Ga), och X står för C eller N. Atomer av tre sådana olika element staplas i en struktur bestående av rena atomlager, t.ex. M-X-M-A-M-X-M-A. Ti 2 AlC, Cr 2 AlC, Ti 3 SiC 2 och Ti 4 AlN 3 är några exempel av mer än 60 hittills upptäckta MAX-faser. Det extra spännande med MAX-faser är att de kombinerar ...

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Section: Bulk Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of New MAX Phase Alloys

Mockuté¹

2014

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“…Ge et al 12) fabricated Ti3AlC2 by combustion synthesis from the elemental Ti, Al and C (carbon black) powder mixtures, and studied the reaction mechanism of Ti3AlC2. In their study, the reactions during the synthesis for Ti3AlC2 were expressed as follows: …”

Section: Reaction Mechanism In the Formation Of Ti3alc2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) Depending on the chosen raw materials and processes, some of these phases are formed as transient intermediates during the synthesis of Ti3AlC2. Ge et al 12) fabricated Ti3AlC2 by combustion synthesis from the elemental Ti, Al and C powder mixtures. The ternary carbide of Ti3AlC2 with the small amount of impurity phase of TiC was obtained in very short reaction time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction mechanism for the synthesis of Ti3AlC2 through an intermediate carbide of Ti3AlC from elemental Ti, Al, and C powder mixture

Yoshida¹,

Hoshiyama²,

Ommyoji³

et al. 2010

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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A layered ternary carbide Ti3AlC2 was synthesized by pressureless calcining process from the mixture of titanium, aluminum and graphite powders. Almost single-phase Ti3AlC2 was obtained after calcining at 1400°C for 4 h. The microstructural evolution during the formation of Ti3AlC2 was examined at the temperature from 900°C to 1400°C. Ti3AlC2 was formed through an intermediate carbide of Ti3AlC, which was seldom reported in previous literatures. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), a possible reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of Ti3AlC2.

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“…Ti 3 AlC 2 powders can be synthesized by combustion synthesis (Ge et al 2003;Chen et al 2004), heat treatment (Ai et al 2006;Peng et al 2006), pressureless sintering (Peng et al 2004). Though combustion synthesis has the potential of time saving, low energy requirement, the highest content of the obtained Ti 3 AlC 2 materials was less than 90 wt% (Ge et al 2003;Chen et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though combustion synthesis has the potential of time saving, low energy requirement, the highest content of the obtained Ti 3 AlC 2 materials was less than 90 wt% (Ge et al 2003;Chen et al 2004). Ti 3 AlC 2 powders with high purity were obtained by heat treatment and pressureless sintering (Ai et al 2006;Peng C 2004;Peng C Q et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Ti3AlC2 by mechanically activated sintering of 3Ti/Al/2C/0·2Sn

et al. 2010

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The mechanically activated sintering process was adapted to synthesize titanium aluminum carbide (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) at low temperature. A mechanically induced self-propagation reaction occurred by mechanical alloying of 3Ti/Al/2C powder mixtures. In addition to powder products, a large amount of rigor granules with a size of 0⋅5 ~ 10 mm were produced. Fine powders containing Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC and TiC were obtained. The granules composed of Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC and TiC. Adding Sn may remove Ti 2 AlC and enhance the synthesis of Ti 3 AlC 2 . After Sn was added, the products only contained Ti 3 AlC 2 and TiC. The Ti 3 AlC 2 content of the powders and granules were 75 wt% and 88 wt%, respectively. The mechanically alloyed products were pressureless sintered at 900-1300°C for 2 h. Sintering of these products at 900 ~ 1200°C yields samples containing over 95 wt% Ti 3 AlC 2 . The sintered powder compacts with high purity Ti 3 AlC 2 had a fine organization. The lath Ti 3 AlC 2 of the granules had a length of 10-20 μm.

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Combustion synthesis of ternary carbide Ti3AlC2 in Ti–Al–C system

Cited by 146 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of New MAX Phase Alloys

Synthesis and Characterization of New MAX Phase Alloys

Reaction mechanism for the synthesis of Ti3AlC2 through an intermediate carbide of Ti3AlC from elemental Ti, Al, and C powder mixture

Preparation of Ti3AlC2 by mechanically activated sintering of 3Ti/Al/2C/0·2Sn

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