Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Tin and Tin Oxide (SnO_x, x= 0–2) Particles

Abstract

Nanocrystalline SnO x particles (x ‫؍‬ 0 -2) were synthesized using tetramethyltin (Sn(CH 3 ) 4 ) vapor as the particle precursor reactant in hydrogen/oxygen/argon (H 2 /O 2 /Ar) flames. The particle composition and morphology were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen (N 2 ) surface adsorption. By controlling the concentration of oxygen in the reactant gases and the flame temperatures, metallic tin (Sn), tin monoxide (romarchite SnO), and/or tin dioxide (cassiterite SnO 2 ) were generated. The crystalline powders consisted of both discrete primary particles and agglomerates, with average primary particle sizes of 23-24 nm for SnO 2 and 69 nm for Sn (based on specific surface area measurements of bulk powders collected in the exhaust region of the flame). The compositional results were interpreted using equilibrium and detailed chemical kinetics models.

Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on inflammation in vascular endothelial cells

“…ZnO exhibits piezoelectric behavior (Zhao et al 2004), and both ZnO and SnO 2 are used in materials for photo catalysis (Akurati et al 2005). Tin oxide is also used in transparent and heat reflective coatings for displays and solar cells (Hall et al 2004). These materials have a conductivity that changes as molecules absorb on their surfaces, so they are used as solid-state gas sensors (Comini et al 2002; Sahm et al 2004).…”

Growth kinetics of tin oxide nanocrystals in colloidal suspensions under hydrothermal conditions

“…For some of these applications there is a particular interest for reducing the crystal size to the nanoscale. Hence, there are several studies in the literature that report methods for the preparation of nanocrystalline tin oxide [24][25][26][27][28]. However, to the best of our knowledge, a kinetic investigation on the coarsening behavior of such nanocrystals in suspension has not been yet reported.…”

A New Method for Direct Preparation of Tin Dioxide Nanocomposite Materials

“…A detailed description of the burner and the results of characterization studies can be found in Wooldridge et al 34 In this study, all tin dioxide materials were produced using tetramethyl tin (TMT) as the precursor for SnO 2 . A detailed description of the TMT bubbler system and results of characterization experiments for synthesis of undoped Sn, SnO, and SnO 2 nanoparticles can be found in Hall et al 35,36 Each of the facility components are described briefly below.…”

“…A reducing or oxidizing environment can be created for the synthesis conditions by varying the reactant ratios. 36 The 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm square burner consists of a hastalloy honeycomb support through which stainless steel hypodermic needles are inserted at systematic intervals. Hydrogen flows through the needles, as well as dilute O 2 in Ar flow through the remainder of the channels of the honeycomb.…”