Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics for a Well Stirred Reactor for Low Volatility Hydrocarbon Fuels

Stouffer, Scott D.; Pawlik, R.; Justinger, Garth R.; Heyne, Joshua S.; Zelina, Joe; Ballal, D. R.

doi:10.2514/6.2007-5663

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Stouffer et al [112] measured the oxidation products (CO 2 , H 2 O), O 2 , and gaseous emissions (CO, UHC) of FT S-8 and JP-8 in a jet stirred reactor. It was found that gaseous emissions were similar for the two jet fuels and differences in the H 2 O and CO 2 products appeared to be directly related to the C/H ratio of the fuels.…”

Section: Combustion Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development in studies of alternative jet fuel combustion: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Zhang

Hui

Lin

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

207

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With the growing air transport demand and concerns about its environmental impacts, alternative jet fuels derived from non-conventional sources have become an important strategy for achieving a sustainable and green aviation. In the past ten years, governments around the world along with aviation industry have invested significant efforts into exploring all sorts of alternative jet fuels that can be used to power aircraft engines. Among all the alternative jet fuels explored, the aviation sector has agreed that hydrocarbon-based ‗drop-in' replacement fuels, which are fully interchangeable and compatible with current conventional jet fuels, would be the best choice in the near future, as they can be used without any modifications to today's aircraft or fuel infrastructure. This paper reviews the current state of development of ‗drop-in' alternative jet fuels including various Fisher-Tropsch synthetic jet fuels and bio-jet fuels. Recent advances in research activities on alternative jet fuels, including fuel property evaluations, combustor component tests, engine tests, and flight tests, are highlighted. Furthermore, basic research needs for understanding the combustion characteristics of alternative jet fuels are underlined and discussed by reviewing recent fundamental combustion studies on ignition, extinction, flame

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Section: Combustion Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development in studies of alternative jet fuel combustion: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Zhang

Hui

Lin

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

207

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“…Temperature and MW results of equilibrium calculation (22) The Reynolds number is now calculated, where U ∞ = 100 m/s, the design velocity of the flow in the test rig.…”

Section: Estimation Of Flow Conditions For Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Heat Release in Turbine Film Cooling

Evans

2009

47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition

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The Ultra Compact Combustor is a design that integrates a turbine vane into the combustor flow path. Because of the high fuel-to-air ratio and short combustor flow path, a significant potential exists for unburned fuel to enter the turbine. Using contemporary turbine cooling vane designs, the injection of oxygen-rich turbine cooling air into a combustor flow containing unburned fuel could result in heat release in the turbine and a large decrease in cooling effectiveness. The current study explores the interaction of cooling flow from typical cooling holes with the exhaust of a fuel-rich well-stirred-reactor operating at high temperatures over a flat plate. Surface temperatures, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for a variety of reactor fuel-to-air ratios, cooling hole geometries, and blowing ratios. Results demonstrate that reactions in the turbine cooling film can result in increased heat transfer to the surface. The amount of this increase depends on hole geometry and blowing ratio and fuel content of the combustor flow.Failure to design for this effect could result in augmented heat transfer caused by the cooling scheme, and turbine life could be degraded substantially.

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“…This position was chosen to obtain the relatively constant temperature slightly beyond the wall and to minimize the wall effects as previously described. 51,52 Prior experiments indicated a near constant temperature profile with slight nonuniformity, especially near the jet cores. 52,56 Fuels Tested.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lean Blowoff in a Toroidal Jet-Stirred Reactor: Implications for Alternative Fuel Approval and Potential Mechanisms for Autoignition and Extinction

et al. 2020

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Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have been identified as a method to reduce the aviation sector's environmental impact through carbon mitigation. Current certification processes of potential, viable SAFs require labor cost intensive assessments with investigation into combustor performance parameters related to fuel effects such as lean blowoff (LBO) where there exists the competition between multiphase physics and chemical kinetics of the fuel. Recent efforts show LBO effectively scales with the evaporative, mixing, and chemical time scales of a given combustor. Here, a toroidal jet-stirred reactor (TJSR), an experimental configuration meant to emulate perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) studies, is used to study the effects of fuel chemistry physical time scales on LBO while mitigating and minimizing the effects of evaporation mixing, respectively. For this investigation, six fuels/fuel mixtures spanning a range of derived cetane number (DCN) were evaluated in a lean premixed, prevaporized environment with engine relevant characteristics such as recirculation inlet temperature residence times (P = ∼1 atm, T = 460 K, τ = 5.5−6.5 ms). Gas phase emissions sampled within the reactor were measured with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to gain insight into relevant trends in species production for varying fuels as leaner conditions were approached. LBO in the TJSR was correlated with the parameters of the DCN and radical index, an indicator of OH production, signifying competition between the chemical processes of autoignition and extinction, respectively; these observations deviate from the established PSR theory for ignition extinction physics. However, the emergence of these correlations in the TJSR experiment support the importance of low temperature chemistry and flame robustness. A physical time scale approach to LBO is applied to the current experiment to elucidate the competition of autoignition and extinction phenomena. Knowledge of the physical LBO time scales and their relationship to chemical fuel properties suggest that the holistic LBO time scale may be viable as a preliminary screening metric for SAF certification.

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Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics for a Well Stirred Reactor for Low Volatility Hydrocarbon Fuels

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Recent development in studies of alternative jet fuel combustion: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Recent development in studies of alternative jet fuel combustion: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Impact of Heat Release in Turbine Film Cooling

Lean Blowoff in a Toroidal Jet-Stirred Reactor: Implications for Alternative Fuel Approval and Potential Mechanisms for Autoignition and Extinction

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