Combustion of coal, bagasse and blends thereof

Bragato, Marcia; Joshi, Kulbhushan; Carlson, Joel; Tenório, Jorge Alberto Soares; Levendis, Yiannis A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.11.069

Cited by 74 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Large amounts of PAHs have been discharged into the ocean, predominantly through human activities associated with combustion and petroleum production (Bouloubassi et al, 2012;Bragato et al, 2012;Callén et al, 2014;Carver et al, 1986;Kaivosoja et al, 2012;Lea-Langton et al, 2013;Readman et al, 2002). Previous studies have shown that PAHs are widely distributed in marine aquatic environments, such as estuaries, coastal areas, wetlands, off-shore areas and the deep sea due to anthropogenic processes and their comparatively long half-life (Counihan et al, 2014;Jörundsdóttir et al, 2014;Oros et al, 2007;Porte and Escartín, 2000;Yancheshmeh et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Coast of Weihai, China: Spatial distribution, sources and ecotoxicological risks

Zhang

Liu

Yin

et al. 2016

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Coast of Weihai, China: Spatial distribution, sources and ecotoxicological risks

Zhang

Liu

Yin

et al. 2016

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…Compared to coal with an ash content of 8.1% to 21.4% (Ward;Zhongsheng;Gurba, 2008;Bragato et al, 2012), babassu charcoal has low mineral content.This is a great advantage in the use of babassu nut shell charcoal as bio-reducer in the steel industry, because the composition of the ash may affect the mechanical properties of pig iron (Pereira et al, 2013), increase corrosion of equipment and decrease the heating value of the fuel.…”

Section: Immediate Chemical Composition Of Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and energetic evaluation of the charcoal made of babassu nut residues used in the steel industry

et al. 2014

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Brazil is the only country in the world that uses large scale charcoal in steel-making blast furnaces. Meantime, the monoculture plantations of Eucalyptus are not able to meet the demand for charcoal from the steel industries.Therefore, research is necessary, in order to use lignocellulosic residues for the production of charcoal with technological properties which are suitable for the reduction of iron ore. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of charcoal which was made with babassu nut shell and designed for utilization in the steel industry in the function of the final carbonization temperature. All three layers of babassu nut shell (epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp) were used together. The initial temperature of the test was 100°C and the final temperatures were: 450°C, 550°C, 650°C, 750°C and 850°C. For the charcoals produced, the following properties were determined: apparent relative density, energy density and fixed carbon stock, in addition to chemical compositions (immediate and elemental) and heating values (higher and lower). Charcoal made of babassu nut shell showed high values of apparent density and energy density, and has a potential to replace coal and wood charcoal in the steel industry. The effect of the final carbonization temperature was expressed for all characteristics evaluated, except for the nitrogen content. Babassu nut shell must be carbonized at temperatures higher than 550°C, so that the charcoal produced can be used in steel-making blast furnaces.Index terms: Alternative biomass, renewable energy, bio-reducer, carbonization. RESUMOO Brasil é o único país no mundo que utiliza, em grande escala, o carvão vegetal nos altos fornos siderúrgicos. Contudo, os plantios homogêneos de Eucalyptus não são capazes de suprir a demanda de carvão vegetal das siderúrgicas. Por isso, são necessárias pesquisas visando ao aproveitamento de resíduos lignocelulósicos, para a produção de carvão vegetal com propriedades tecnológicas adequadas à redução do minério de ferro. Dessa forma,objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a qualidade do carvão vegetal da casca do coco babaçu, destinado ao uso siderúrgico, em função da temperatura final de carbonização. Foram utilizadas, conjuntamente, as três camadas constituintes da casca do coco babaçu (epicarpo, mesocarpo e endocarpo). A temperatura inicial do ensaio foi de 100ºC e as temperaturas finais foram de 450ºC, 550°C, 650°C, 750°C e 850°C. Para os carvões produzidos, foram determinadas as seguintes propriedades: densidade relativa aparente, densidades energéticas e estoque de carbono fixo, além das composições químicas (imediata e elementar) e os poderes caloríficos (superior e inferior). O carvão vegetal da casca do coco babaçu apresentou elevados valores de densidade aparente e de densidade energética e é passível de substituir o carvão mineral e o carvão vegetal de madeira na siderurgia. O efeito da temperatura final de carbonização foi pronunciado para todas as características avaliadas, com exceção do teor de nitr...

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“…Co-firing biomass residues reduce greenhouse gases by avoiding the CH4 release from the landfilled biomass, as CH4 is 21 times more potent than CO2 in terms of global warming impact. As storing biomass wastes cause anaerobic release of CH4, NH3, H2S, volatile organic acids, and other chemicals, combusting the biomass helps reducing these emissions, which has been reported by other researchers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. SO2 and NOx Emissions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Formation of Acid Gases from Co-firing of Coal with Raw and Torrefied Biomasses

Rokni¹,

Panahi²,

Levendis³

2019

Preprint

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This work examined the emission for SO2, NOx, and CO2 gases from the combustion of pulverized coals, raw and torrefied biomasses, and 50-50 wt% blends thereof. The fuel samples chosen for this work are a high-sulfur bituminous coal (Illinois #6), a low-sulfur sub-bituminous coal (Powder River Basin), a herbaceous biomass (corn straw) and a crop-related biomass (rice husk). All fuel samples were burned in a laboratory-scale electrically-heated drop-tube furnace (DTF), operated at 1400 K, and combustion emissions were measured in the furnace effluent. Coal and biomass particles were in the ranges of 75-90 µm and 90-150 µm, respectively. Results showed beneficial synergisms for almost all blend samples that can reduce the SO2 and NOx emissions to values below those predicted by linear interpolation of the SO2 and NOx emissions of the involved neat fuels. 1-IntroductionThe concerns about environmental issues from using fossil fuels in electricity generation have promoted the use of alternative renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind and biomass. Based on the scenario projected in EIA's world energy outlook 2016 [1], nearly 60% of all new power generation capacity to 2040 could come from renewables [1]. In 2012, bioenergy accounted for 10% of the total global energy consumption which was greater than any other renewable sources of energy [2]. About 50% of the total bioenergy came from traditional use of biomass in wood stoves in developing countries, and 12% used in biomass-based electricity generation systems [2]. Co-firing is one of the most economic technologies in power generation in many countries, and the overall cost of co-firing depends on the location and biomass feedstock and these costs are still significantly lower than the cost of 100% biomass dedicated power plant [3]. Greenhouse Gases Emissions. Biomass may be considered nearly CO2-neutral as there are still emissions related to biomass harvesting, transportation, pre-treatment etc. Co-firing biomass residues reduce greenhouse gases by avoiding the CH4 release from the landfilled biomass, as CH4 is 21 times more potent than CO2 in terms of global warming impact. As storing biomass wastes cause anaerobic release of CH4, NH3, H2S, volatile organic acids, and other chemicals, combusting the biomass helps reducing these emissions, which has been reported by other researchers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. SO2 and NOx Emissions. Most biomass fuels have little sulfur, therefore their co-firing with coal should result in lower SO2 emissions than neat coal firing. Additionally, most of the fuel nitrogen in biomass is converted to NH radicals (mainly ammonia, NH3) during combustion, where ammonia can reduce NO to molecular nitrogen [14]. Research on co-firing coal and a crop-related biomass (rice husk) [16] has reported that while increasing the mass ratio of biomass decreases the emissions of NO and N2O, it increases the amount of SO2 emissions slightly. Co-firing a bituminous coal with a herbaceous biomass (straw), with the biomass increa...

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Combustion of coal, bagasse and blends thereof

Cited by 74 publications

References 29 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Coast of Weihai, China: Spatial distribution, sources and ecotoxicological risks

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the Coast of Weihai, China: Spatial distribution, sources and ecotoxicological risks

Quality and energetic evaluation of the charcoal made of babassu nut residues used in the steel industry

Formation of Acid Gases from Co-firing of Coal with Raw and Torrefied Biomasses

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