Combustion noise radiation during the acceleration of a turbocharged diesel engine operating with biodiesel or <i>n</i>-butanol diesel fuel blends

A series of tests were carried out to assess the environmental effects of biodiesel blends made of different vegetable oil, such as corn, sunflower, and palm, on exhaust and noise diesel engine emissions. Biodiesel blends with 20% vegetable oil biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel by volume were developed. The tests were conducted in a stationary diesel engine test bed consisting of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, and direct injection engine at variable engine speed. A prediction framework in terms of polynomial regression (PR) was first adopted to determine the correlation between the independent variables (engine speed, fuel type) and the dependent variables (exhaust emissions, noise level, and brake thermal efficiency). After that, a regression model was optimized by the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to update the current positions of the population in the discrete searching space, resulting in the optimal engine speed and fuel type for lower exhaust and noise emissions and maximizing engine performance. The following conclusions were drawn from the experimental and optimization results: in general, the emissions of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) from all the different types of biodiesel blends were lower than those of diesel fuel. In contrast, the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by all the types of biodiesel blends increased. The noise level produced by all the forms of biodiesel, especially palm biodiesel fuel, was lowered when compared to pure diesel. All the tested fuels had a high noise level in the middle frequency band, at 75% engine load, and high engine speeds. On average, the proposed PR-GWO model exhibited remarkable predictive reliability, with a high square of correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9823 and a low root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0177. Finally, the proposed model achieved superior outcomes, which may be utilized to predict and maximize engine performance and minimize exhaust and noise emissions.

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“…Moreover, the overall dB(A) is very low at a low frequency range of less than 500 Hz. The same trend was observed by Giakoumis et al [103].…”

Section: Noise Emission Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Environmental Assessment of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Various Biodiesel Blends: Polynomial Regression and Grey Wolf Optimization

Alahmer

Handam

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…17 Several literature works have reported the effects of butanol addition on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines. 17–20 The main conclusions show that no engine modification is needed for a diesel engine which is fueled with butanol/diesel blends with a volume proportion of butanol up to 40%. Adding butanol causes a longer ignition delay and higher peak values of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) for a diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Huang

Luo

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Although both biodiesel and n-butanol are excellent renewable biofuels, most of the existing research works merely use them as the additives for petroleum diesel. As the main fuel properties of biodiesel and n-butanol are complementary, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends are promising to be a pure biomass-based substitute for diesel fuel. In this paper, the application of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends on an agricultural diesel engine was comprehensively investigated, in terms of the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics. First, the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends with 10%, 20%, and 30% n-butanol by weight were prepared and noted as BBu10 (10 wt% n-butanol + 90 wt% biodiesel), BBu20 (20 wt% n-butanol + 80 wt% biodiesel), and BBu30 (30 wt% n-butanol + 70 wt% biodiesel). It was found that adding 30 wt% n-butanol to biodiesel can reduce the viscosity by 39.3% and increase the latent heat of vaporization by 57.3%. Then the engine test results showed that with the addition of n-butanol to biodiesel, the peak values of the cylinder pressure and temperature of the biodiesel/ n-butanol blends were slightly decreased, the peak values of the pressure rise rate and heat release rate of the blends were increased, the fuel ignition was delayed, and the combustion duration was shortened. BBu20 has the approximate ignition characteristics with diesel fuel. Both the brake thermal efficiency and the brake-specific fuel consumption of BBu30 were increased by the average percentages of 2.7% and 14.9%, while NO x, soot, and CO emissions of BBu30 were reduced by the average percentages of 17.6%, 34.1%, and 15.4%, compared to biodiesel. The above variations became more evident as the n-butanol proportion increased.

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“…It can be observed how the alcohol diesel fuel blends present similar trends, being noticeably different with respect to diesel fuel at low frequency bands where diesel fuel has a lower noise emission. As previous researchers have found, the radiation of combustion noise is noticeably reduced at high-frequency bands [44]. Noise due to fuel combustion is closely related to ignition delay (related to fuel cetane number) and thus to the evolution of engine cylinder pressure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions

et al. 2021

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Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NOx trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NOx emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v/v), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol.

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Combustion noise radiation during the acceleration of a turbocharged diesel engine operating with biodiesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Environmental Assessment of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Various Biodiesel Blends: Polynomial Regression and Grey Wolf Optimization

Environmental Assessment of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Various Biodiesel Blends: Polynomial Regression and Grey Wolf Optimization

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics

Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions

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