Combustion, emissions, and performance of natural gas–ammonia dual-fuel spark-ignited engine at full-load condition

Oh, Sechul; Park, Cheolwoong; Oh, Ju‐Won; Kim, Seonyeob; Kim, Yongrae; Choi, Young; Kim, Chang-Gi

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124837

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines are both considered for NH 3 engines. Consistent with findings from the 1960s − and from more contemporary studies listed in review articles, ,,,− very recent studies on SI engines report that pure NH 3 operation is possible as long as the spark timing is advanced, ,,, ignition is achieved via turbulent jet injection, the intake is boosted, or the compression ratio is increased . However, a performance with NH 3 on par with that possible with gasoline can only be achieved for specific conditions, typically at full-load only, and the NH 3 SI engine does not yet boast a wide operability range. , Also consistent with earlier studies, NH 3 -H 2 SI engines can also perform well. , Multiple studies confirm that a SCR post-treatment system remains necessary to take care of NO x emissions. ,,, Resorting to an SCR post-treatment system to abate NO x emissions is already ubiquitous in piston engines fueled by gasoline or diesel.…”

Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Recent publications focusing on NH 3 marine engines are mostly considering dual-fuel strategies, namely NH 3 -diesel, ,,, NH 3 -H 2 , NH 3 -natural gas, or NH 3 - n -hexadecane , ( n -hexadecane was used instead of diesel to make the first demonstration of a new NH 3 injection concept easier at first thanks to its larger cetane number). Given the difficulty of operating actual marine engines in research laboratories, recent studies dealing with marine engines are purely numerical, ,,,, with perhaps the exception of Oh et al, who conducted measurements in a 222 kW, 11-l, 6-cylinder engine whose total displacement is comparable to that of a small marine engine. Both two-stroke ,,, and four-stroke cycles have been studied recently.…”

Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Guiberti,

Pezzella,

Hayakawa

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Ammonia is a molecule that has been essential to human activities for centuries. It is widely used as a feedstock for fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and emissions after-treatment systems. The properties of ammonia have led to its interest as a carrier for hydrogen in energy applications. The combustion of ammonia for power and propulsion offers direct applications of this molecule in energy and transportation applications. However, there are significant challenges related to ammonia combustion, including low flammability and potentially high emissions. Blending of ammonia with hydrogen or hydrocarbons offers opportunities to improve combustibility. This mini review discusses challenges related to ammonia combustion and current state-of-the-art approaches to overcoming these challenges with research into chemical kinetics, laminar and turbulent flames, and engine and turbine systems. This paper seeks to introduce and summarize recent results on ammonia combustion by highlighting pertinent aspects of this rich and rapidly increasing body of information.

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Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Nh3 In Practical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Guiberti,

Pezzella,

Hayakawa

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence, the methane fraction range of 20-50% was recommended in this study. Oh et al [91,92] experimentally investigated the feasibility of replacing partial natural gas by ammonia at different load conditions. Due to the lower flame speed of ammonia, ammonia addition resulted in lower brake power and indicated efficiency compared to the baseline.…”

Section: Ammonia-fueled Spark-ignition Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia-Based Fuel Blends and Their Potential in Internal Combustion Engines

Zhu

Shu

2023

IJAMM

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Review Recent Progress on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia-Based Fuel Blends and Their Potential in Internal Combustion Engines Denghao Zhu , and Bo Shu * Department of Physical Chemistry, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, DE-38116 Braunschweig, Germany * Correspondence: bo.shu@ptb.de Received: 21 November 2022 Accepted: 22 December 2022 Published: 18 January 2023 Abstract: Ammonia has recently attracted numerous attentions from researchers and policy makers as promising energy and hydrogen carrier for mitigating the carbon footprints in the energy sector. The mature infrastructure for the production, storage, and transportation of ammonia allows a quick role of ammonia in energy systems. By applying green hydrogen and renewable energies, green ammonia can be produced, which makes ammonia even more attractive. Prior to the commercial use of ammonia for large-scale energy systems, e.g., internal combustion engines and stationary gas turbines, a fundamental understanding of the ignition and combustion behaviors of ammonia is essential. In the past decades, a lot of studies on ammonia combustion have been published. Those studies covered broad topics including experimental and numerical investigations which were either fundamental or practical oriented. To continuously follow state-of-the-art and to provide a brief overview of the most recent research on ammonia combustion so that others can easily identify the most relevant work, this review summarizes the recent progress on combustion characteristics of ammonia and ammonia fuel blends as well as their potential use in internal combustion engines. Combining the advantages and drawbacks identified in both fundamental and practical studies, a clearer road map for ammonia application is given.

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“…Recently, Lhuillier et al − conducted a series of engine experiments fueled with NH 3 and found that intake pressure boosting is an effective way to improve combustion stability. To further improve the performance of NH 3 SI engines, a combustion promotor can be added to increase the combustion properties of NH 3 . , Sechul et al , conducted a series of engine experiments fueled with natural gas-ammonia. They found that ammonia addition results in lower brake power under the same level of flow rate of fuels, and insufficient time for the complete combustion will increase the combustion instability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auto-Ignition and Flame Characteristics of Ammonia Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion in Comparison with Methane

2023

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Ammonia (NH 3 ), as a hydrogen carrier, is the key to being carbon-neutral for internal combustion engines. However, the poor combustion properties of NH 3 hindered the development of NH 3 engines. In the current study, an optical engine is adopted and the autoignition and flame characteristics of NH 3 reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion (in comparison to CH 4 ) are optically studied. The experimental results show that there exists a critical injection timing for the effect of pilot fuel on NH 3 combustion. Before the critical timing, the combustion phase (auto-ignition) will delay because of the less over-rich pilot fuel. In addition, lowtemperature heat release is observed for NH 3 /n-heptane under early injection timing conditions. When comparing the two fuels, the autoignition timing is delayed while the combustion duration (CA05-90) is shorter for NH 3 combustion. The main reason is that the low chemical reactivity of NH 3 inhibits the auto-ignition of the pilot fuel (n-heptane), while the next oxidation pathways of NH 3 are extremely fast. Flame images show that, for NH 3 RCCI combustion, the highest probability of auto-ignition is in the bottom and NH 3 flame nearly propagates from the edge to the center, which is mainly due to the temperature inhomogeneity of the cylinder. Meanwhile, for CH 4 combustion, the highest probability of auto-ignition is in the center of the cylinder, and CH 4 flame nearly propagates from the center to the edge. The current study revealed the similarities/differences between NH 3 and CH 4 under RCCI conditions and can give some insights into the application of NH 3 engines.

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Combustion, emissions, and performance of natural gas–ammonia dual-fuel spark-ignited engine at full-load condition

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Mini Review of Ammonia for Power and Propulsion: Advances and Perspectives

Recent Progress on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia-Based Fuel Blends and Their Potential in Internal Combustion Engines

Auto-Ignition and Flame Characteristics of Ammonia Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion in Comparison with Methane

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