Combustion efficiency of fuel-water emulsion in a small gas turbine

Chmielewski, Maciej; Niszczota, Paweł; Gieras, Marian

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118961

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The use of fuel-water emulsion as a fuel, apart from the simultaneous reduction of CO and NOx emissions, also leads to a reduction of the temperature at the outlet from the combustion chamber [27,29,30]. In the presented studies, for S5 fuel, a statistically significant drop in temperature behind the combustion chamber was recorded only in two out of five measuring points (Figure 12a).…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Thus, even a slight reduction in temperature at the hottest points in the reaction area leads to a significant reduction in the production of thermal mono-nitrogen oxides, which play a dominant role in the total NOx emissions from the gas turbine. The effect of extinguishing the "hot spots" in the primary zone of the combustion chamber on the reduction of NOx, in relation to the fuel-water emulsion, was described in [29]. The enrichment of the fuel with an emulsifier may cause analogous changes in the combustion process.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be added that the experimental studies conducted on the influence of the emulsifier on the combustion process in miniature TG turned out to be very helpful in the context of the interpretation of the results of the research on the combustion process of the fuel-water emulsion in the TG chamber presented in the works [28][29][30], in which this emulsifier was used for creating fuel-water emulsions.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is also conducted on the effect of feeding gas turbines with FWE. In gas turbines (TG), there is a tendency to lower the temperature of the exhaust gases and reduce NOx emissions [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, as is the case with reciprocating units, there are also discrepancies in the studies regarding the impact of FWE on CO emissions.…”

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Niszczota

Gieras

2021

Energies

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In an effort to reduce the emissivity of transport and energy, numerous studies are being carried out on the impact of the combustion of alternative fuels on the emission and operating parameters of propulsion and energy units. One of the observed trends is the use of emulsion fuels. The addition of an emulsifier to an emulsion fuel reduces the interfacial tension between two liquids, which allows obtaining an emulsion fuel with the expected stability. The research conducted on self-ignition engines and gas turbines (TG) does not give an unambiguous answer as to the influence of the use of fuel-water emulsion on CO emissions. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in the obtained results may be the type and amount of the emulsifier used in the emulsion fuel. Tests were carried out on the GTM-120 gas turbine to compare the operating parameters and emissions between the cases in which TG was supplied with three fuel mixtures—the standard fuel for TG (DF) and DF with 2% and 5% emulsifier addition. It was shown that the addition of 2% of the emulsifier to DF causes an increase in CO emission, with the remaining measured parameters unchanged. On the other hand, increasing the amount of emulsifier in DF to 5% reduces CO emissions to the level observed in the case in which DF was burned reduces NOx emissions and reduces the thermal efficiency of TG.

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Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Of 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Niszczota

Gieras

2021

Energies

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“…A water–fuel emulsion was used as a heterogeneous liquid. We have studied (for the first time in PnCs) water–fuel emulsions since they can improve the performance of internal combustion engines [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. They provide enhanced efficiency and significantly reduce harmful emissions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Based Sensor for Characterization of Mixtures and Heterogeneous Liquids

Mukhin

Kutia

Aman³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We show new approaches to developing acoustic liquid sensors based on phononic crystals. The proposed phononic crystal integrates fluidic elements. A solid block with periodic cylindrical holes contains a defect—a liquid-filled cylindrical cavity. We pay attention to acoustic excitation and the readout of the axisymmetric cylindrical resonator eigenmode of the liquid-filled defect in the middle of the phononic crystal structure. This mode solves the challenge of mechanical energy losses due to liquid viscosity. We also analyze the coupling effects between oscillations of liquid and solid systems and consider coupling issues between piezoelectric transducers and the liquid-filled cavity resonator. The numerical simulation of the propagation of acoustic waves through the phononic crystal sensor was carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The phononic crystal was made of stainless steel with mechanically drilled holes and was fabricated for experimental verification. We show that a tuning of the solid–liquid vibrational modes coupling is the key to an enhanced level of sensitivity to liquid properties. Besides (homogeneous) water–propanol mixtures, experimental studies were carried out on (disperse) water–fuel emulsions.

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Effect of turbulence intensity and surface tension on the emulsification process and its stationary state—A numerical study

et al. 2022

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We study turbulent emulsions and the emulsification process in homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) using direct numerical simulations (DNS) in combination with the volume of fluid method (VOF). For generating a turbulent flow field, we employ a linear forcing approach augmented by a proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller, which ensures a constant turbulent kinetic energy for two phase flow scenarios and accelerates the emulsification process. For the simulations, the density ratio of dispersed and carrier phases is chosen to be similar to that of oil and water (0.9), representing a typical application. We vary the turbulence intensity and the surface tension coefficient. Thus, we modulate those parameters that directly affect the Hinze scale, which is expected to be the most stable maximum droplet diameter in emulsions in HIT. The considered configurations can be characterized with Taylor Reynolds numbers in the range of 100–140 and Weber numbers, evaluated with the velocity fluctuations and the integral length scale, of 4–70. Using the 3‐D simulation results, we study the emulsification process as well as the emulsions at a statistically stationary state. For the latter, droplet size distributions are evaluated and compared. We observe a Hinze scale similarity of the size distributions considering a fixed integral length scale, that is, similar Hinze scales obtained at different turbulence intensities or for different fluid properties result in similar distributions.

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Combustion efficiency of fuel-water emulsion in a small gas turbine

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Effect of Adding Emulsifier to Fuel on Work Efficiency and Gas Turbine Emissions

Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Based Sensor for Characterization of Mixtures and Heterogeneous Liquids

Effect of turbulence intensity and surface tension on the emulsification process and its stationary state—A numerical study

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