Combustion efficiency and engine out emissions of a S.I. engine fueled with alcohol/gasoline blends

Costagliola, Maria Antonietta; Simio, Luigi De; Iannaccone, Sabato; Prati, Maria Vittoria

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.042

Cited by 147 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, it was reported that the use of ethanol-gasoline blends in vehicles increases the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [2], especially acetaldehydes compounds, which are precursors of tropospheric ozone in urban areas. This contradictory result has reversed the decision of government authorities, previously in favor of the use of ethanol-gasoline blends in large urban centers such as Mexico City, where the main environmental problem is the high concentration of tropospheric ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The use of ethanol in gasoline has become a worldwide tendency as an alternative to reduce net CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, increasing gasoline octane rating and reducing dependence on petroleum products. However, recently environmental authorities in large urban centers have expressed their concerns on the true effect of using ethanol blends of up to 20% v/v in in-use vehicles without any modification in the setup of the engine control unit (ECU), and on the variations of these effects along the years of operation of these vehicles. Their main concern is the potential increase in the emissions of volatile organic compounds with high ozone formation potential. To address these concerns, we developed analytical and experimental work testing engines under steady-conditions. We also tested carbureted and fuel-injected vehicles every 10,000 km during their first 100,000 km of operation. We measured the effect of using ethanol-gasoline blends on the power and torque generated, the fuel consumption and CO 2 , CO, NOx and unburned hydrocarbon emissions, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene and 1,3-butadiene which are considered important ozone precursors. The obtained results showed statistically no significant differences in these variables when vehicles operate with a blend of 20% v/v ethanol and 80% v/v gasoline (E20) instead of gasoline. Those results remained unchanged during the first 100,000 km of operation of the vehicles. We also observed that when the vehicles operated with E20 at high engine loads, they showed a tendency to operate with greater values of λ (ratio of the actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio) when compared to their operation with gasoline. According to the Eco-Indicator-99, these results represent a minor reduction (<1.3%) on the impact to human health, and on the deterioration of the ecosystem. However, it implies a 12.9% deterioration of the natural resources. Thermal equilibrium analysis, at the tailpipe conditions (~100 • C), showed that ethane, formaldehyde, ethylene and ethanol are the most relevant VOCs in terms of the amount of mass emitted. The use of ethanol in the gasoline reduced 20-40% of those emissions. These reductions implied an average reduction of 17% in the ozone formation potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

et al. 2018

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“…Several experiments on SI and CI engines have been performed by researchers with ethanol as a blend of diesel, biodiesel, and gasoline [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Droplet combustion experiments have also been conducted on ethanol and their blends with gasoline and diesel [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on nucleation, bubble growth, and micro-explosion characteristics during the combustion of ethanol/Jet A-1 fuel droplets

Rao

Syam

Karmakar

et al. 2017

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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The combustion characteristics of ethanol/Jet A-1 fuel droplets having three different proportions of ethanol (10%, 30%, and 50% by vol.) are investigated in the present study. The large volatility differential between ethanol and Jet A-1 and the nominal immiscibility of the fuels seem to result in combustion characteristics that are rather different from our previous work on butanol/Jet A-1 droplets (miscible blends). Abrupt explosion was facilitated in fuel droplets comprising lower proportions of ethanol (10%), possibly due to insufficient nucleation sites inside the droplet and the partially unmixed fuel mixture. For the fuel droplets containing higher proportions of ethanol (30% and 50%), micro-explosion occurred through homogeneous nucleation, leading to the ejection of secondary droplets and subsequent significant reduction in the overall droplet lifetime. The rate of bubble growth is nearly similar in all the blends of ethanol; however, the evolution of ethanol vapor bubble is significantly faster than that of a vapor bubble in the blends of butanol. The probability of disruptive behavior is considerably higher in ethanol/Jet A-1 blends than that of butanol/Jet A-1 blends. The Sauter mean diameter of the secondary droplets produced from micro-explosion is larger for blends with a higher proportion of ethanol. Both abrupt explosion and micro-explosion create a large-scale distortion of the flame, which surrounds the parent droplet. The secondary droplets generated from abrupt explosion undergo rapid evaporation whereas the secondary droplets from micro-explosion carry their individual flame and evaporate slowly. The growth of vapor bubble was also witnessed in the secondary droplets, which leads to the further breakup of the droplet (puffing/micro-explosion).

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“…In desirable alternative fuel. It can contribute to the reduction in greenhouse gases from energy conversion systems [4]. One of the extensively utilized methods in this regard is to blend gasoline with ethanol, which has few drawbacks, such as the phase separation of ethanolgasoline blend [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

2017

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Abstract. The use of arti cial neural network in conjunction with arti cial bee colony algorithm is proposed as a method for performance and emissions optimization of an SI engine. The case study here involves the oxygen enriched combustion of an SI engine fueled with hydrous ethanol and gasoline. In this study, the engine was considered as a black box and its performance and emissions were extracted experimentally at di erent intake air oxygen concentrations, hydrous ethanol injection rates, and ethanol concentration in the hydrous ethanol mixture. Then, the simultaneous injection of hydrous ethanol and oxygen enriched combustion was investigated to maximize the fuel conversion e ciency and minimize the CO and NOx emissions. Therefore, an objective function consisting of both the emission and performance parameters was optimized using the Arti cial Bee Colony algorithm. The engine model used in this optimization process was obtained from an Arti cial Neural Network trained with experimental engine data. For operating speed of 3000 rpm, the optimization results indicated 1.21% improvement in fuel conversion e ciency and 31.11% and 13.94% reduction in CO and NOx emissions, respectively. At the speed of 2000 rpm, fuel conversion e ciency improved by 4.11% and CO emission decreased by 18.73%, while NOx concentration increased by 28.35%.

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Combustion efficiency and engine out emissions of a S.I. engine fueled with alcohol/gasoline blends

Cited by 147 publications

References 22 publications

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

The Effect of Using Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on the Mechanical, Energy and Environmental Performance of In-Use Vehicles

Experimental investigations on nucleation, bubble growth, and micro-explosion characteristics during the combustion of ethanol/Jet A-1 fuel droplets

Performance and emissions optimization of an ethanol-gasoline fueled SI engine with oxygen enrichment using artificial bee colony algorithm

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