Combustion-Derived Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment—A Review

Lima, Ana Lúcia C.; Farrington, John W.; Reddy, Christopher M.

doi:10.1080/15275920590952739

Cited by 549 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…3, average (ave), median, standard deviation (σ), maximum (max) and minimum (min) values of the FLT/(FLT + PYR) ratio measured in each season at each site are shown. The FLT/(FLT + PYR) ratio is higher than 0.50 when PAHs emitted from coal or biomass combustion are present, whereas it is lower than 0.50 when PAHs are emitted from petroleum combustion (Yunker et al, 2002;Lima et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2007). Liu et al (2007) reported that the FLT/(FLT + PYR) ratio was higher than 0.50 in winter in North China, indicating that PAHs observed in winter in this area are mainly emitted from coal or biomass combustion.…”

Section: Air Mass Trajectory Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transported and Local Organic Aerosols over Fukuoka, Japan

Sato

Takami

Irei

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In order to understand transported and local pollution in an urban area that are strongly affected by long-range transport of air pollution, daily concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 20 n-alkanes in the total suspended particles were simultaneously measured at sites in Western Japan on Fukue Island (FI), located downwind of mainland East Asia, and Fukuoka City (FC), a megacity close (< 200 km) to the FI site, in spring and winter 2010 and summer 2011. The average total PAH concentration observed at the FC site (2.93 ± 2.17 ng/m 3 ) was higher than that at the FI site (1.78 ± 1.70 ng/m 3 ). The average total n-alkane concentration at the FC site (34.7 ± 21.8 ng/m 3 ) was also higher than that at the FI site (12.2 ± 9.2 ng/m 3 ). However, the total PAH and n-alkane concentrations measured at the FI site were considerably high, despite its remote location. The seasonal changes in the specific PAH ratios, used to determine the source of pollutants, were similar between the FC and FI sites. The average fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) ratio was 0.57-0.65 in winter and spring and 0.48-0.51 in summer. PAHs observed at both sites mainly originated from coal or biomass combustion in spring or winter, whereas those were affected by petroleum combustion as well as coal and biomass combustion in summer. These field results show that pollutants transported from mainland East Asia make a significant contribution to the total PAHs and n-alkanes at the FC site in the winter and spring seasons.

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Section: Air Mass Trajectory Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transported and Local Organic Aerosols over Fukuoka, Japan

Sato

Takami

Irei

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…As Lima et al (2005) have pointed out, however, the source identification approach based on the diagnostic ratios is not a conclusive one and should be used carefully because the diversity of fuels and combustion conditions would produce variations in the ratios. Further, note that there are wide variations of the ratio values.…”

Section: Source Diagnostic Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of particle size distributions of PAHs at Seoul, Korea

Lee

Shin

Bae

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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The atmospheric size distributions of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) up to 10 μm in diameter were measured at Seoul in the summer and winter of 2003. The concentrations of total PAHs were from 4.32 to 5.48 ng m −3 in summer and from 25.6 to 35.9 ng m −3 in winter, respectively. Majority of the PAHs concentrations were found on fine particles (D p <2.1 μm). The size distributions of individual PAH compounds were bimodal with the peaks in the 0.43-0.65-and 4.7-5.8-μm range in summer. In winter, those were unimodal or weakly bimodal with the peaks in the 0.65-1.1-and 4.7-5.8-μm range. The seasonal variation of the peak size range in the fine mode might be caused by longer residence time in the air in winter. Based on the previously reported source diagnostic ratios of PAHs for the major emission sources, it was suggested that vehicles were the major source of PAH in summer, while coal-related emissions and firewood fire were the major sources in winter for fine particles. The seasonal variation of the peak size ranges in the fine particles had not shown noticeable effect on the dry deposition fluxes. However, it might affect the optical properties of the atmosphere.

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“…The type of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis conditions will also affect the amount and type of substances produced. Some feedstocks and conditions will generate phytotoxic and potentially cancerogenous organic materials (Lima et al, 2005) as cited by (Lehmann, 2007).…”

Section: Bio-char and Agricultural Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%