Combustion Control with the Optical Fibre Fitted Production Spark Plug

Geiser, Frank; Wytrykus, Frank; Spicher, Ulrich

doi:10.4271/980139

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Similar studies [Chun, L. et al, 1993, Geiser, F. et al, 1998, Spicher, U., Kollmeier, H.P., 1986] use multiple fiberoptic probes to investigate flame propagation. Spicher and Kollmeier were able to measure propagation velocity of up to 1300 m/s.…”

Section: Chun Et Al Obtain Information About Autoignition Location Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Multivariate Knock Detection for Development and Production Applications

Tousignant

Reader

Tjong

2004

Transportation: Transportation and Environment

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Combustion knock caused by end gas autoignition continues to be a limiting factor in the performance of automotive internal combustion engines. As such, the availability of efficient knock detection methods is a prime requirement for the optimization of engine mapping and control. Current production knock control systems are based on the measurement of mechanical vibration induced by the acoustic resonance excited in the combustion chamber during autoignition. These vibrations are measured using accelerometers on the engine block. Conversely, knock detection in the laboratory environment during engine development or calibration generally involves either acoustic methods or acquisition of in-cylinder pressure. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved multi-transducer vibration-based knock detection method with applications in engine development and production. The possibility of replacing the pressure-based detection methods in the laboratory environment presents many advantages relating to cost and efficiency. Moreover, the economy of a vibration-based system coupled with improved correlation to laboratory methods represents great potential for performance improvements if applied to production applications.

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Section: Chun Et Al Obtain Information About Autoignition Location Amentioning

confidence: 96%

Multivariate Knock Detection for Development and Production Applications

Tousignant

Reader

Tjong

2004

Transportation: Transportation and Environment

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“…Multiple gas species involved in the combustion process have emissions and absorption bands in the visible and infrared regimes, and surface-pyrometry measurements must avoid these potentially interfering emission and/or absorption processes. For instance, in-cylinder IC-engine gas-phase emission has been used to study ignition and combustion processes, air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) transients and distributions, knock, and combustion control [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Transient gas emission measurements using spectrally broad (~200–650 nm) integration can have a bimodal temporal shape, with the initial mode arising from flame-front emission and the second mode due to emission from the burned-gas region behind the flame front [ 43 , 45 ].…”

Section: Wavelength Regions Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in-cylinder IC-engine gas-phase emission has been used to study ignition and combustion processes, air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) transients and distributions, knock, and combustion control [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Transient gas emission measurements using spectrally broad (~200–650 nm) integration can have a bimodal temporal shape, with the initial mode arising from flame-front emission and the second mode due to emission from the burned-gas region behind the flame front [ 43 , 45 ]. The flame-front emission sweeps through the optical sampling field first; the burned-gas emission signal follows and can be larger due to its greater spatial extent and more extensive overlap with the optical field of view, while in other cases, reactions controlling the burned-gas emission can be quenched by relatively cool cylinder surfaces [ 43 , 45 ].…”

Section: Wavelength Regions Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transient gas emission measurements using spectrally broad (~200–650 nm) integration can have a bimodal temporal shape, with the initial mode arising from flame-front emission and the second mode due to emission from the burned-gas region behind the flame front [ 43 , 45 ]. The flame-front emission sweeps through the optical sampling field first; the burned-gas emission signal follows and can be larger due to its greater spatial extent and more extensive overlap with the optical field of view, while in other cases, reactions controlling the burned-gas emission can be quenched by relatively cool cylinder surfaces [ 43 , 45 ]. Flame-front emission is spectrally distinct from OH* (~306 nm), CH* (~390 and 432 nm), and the C2* Swan bands (~432, 470, 516, and 560 nm) in the near UV and visible [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Wavelength Regions Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of A Multi-Spectral Pyrometry Sensor for High-Speed Transient Surface-Temperature Measurements in Combustion-Relevant Harsh Environments

Neupane

Jatana

Lutz

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Accurate and high-speed transient surface-temperature measurements of combustion devices including internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines, etc., provide validation targets and boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics models, and are broadly relevant to technology advancements such as performance improvement and emissions reduction. Development and demonstration of a multi-infrared-channel pyrometry-based optical instrument for high-speed surface-temperature measurement is described. The measurement principle is based on multi-spectral radiation thermometry (MRT) and uses surface thermal radiation at four discrete spectral regions and a corresponding emissivity model to obtain surface temperature via non-linear least squares (NLLS) optimization. Rules of thumb for specifying the spectral regions and considerations to avoid interference with common combustion products are developed; the impact of these along with linear and non-linear MRT analysis are assessed as a function of temperature and signal-to-noise ratio. A multi-start method to determine the MRT-solution global optimum is described and demonstrated. The resulting multi-channel transient pyrometry instrument is described along with practical considerations including optical-alignment drift, matching intra-channel transient response, and solution-confidence indicators. The instrument demonstrated excellent >97% accuracy and >99% 2-sigma precision over the 400–800 °C range, with ~20 µs (50 kHz, equivalent to 0.2 cad at 2000 RPM IC-engine operation) transient response in the bench validation.

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“…An alternative approach is to adopt partial optical access [43], with higher gas pressures then tolerated but the location of the auto-ignition initiation uncertain. Elsewhere, others have attempted to adopt fibre optic [44] or high speed endoscopic [45] based detector systems in thermodynamic multi-cylinder engines. Such systems suffer from limited field of view and/or limited sensitivity in locating the light emission from the original auto-ignition site(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The competing chemical and physical effects of transient fuel enrichment on heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine

et al. 2016

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The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Under normal operation the engine was operated under port fuel injection with a stoichiometric airfuel mixture. Multiple centred auto-ignition events were regularly observed, with knock intensities of up to ~30bar. Additional excess fuel was then introduced directly into the end-gas in short transient bursts. As the mass of excess fuel was progressively increased a trade-off was apparent, with knock intensity first increasing by up to 65% before lower unburned gas temperatures suppressed knock under extremely rich conditions. This trade-off is not usually observed during conventional low intensity knock suppression via over-fuelling and has been associated with the competing effects of reducing auto-ignition delay time and charge cooling/ratio of specific heats.Overall, the results demonstrate the risks in employing excess fuel to suppress knock deep within a heavy knocking combustion regime (potentially including a Super-Knock regime).

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Combustion Control with the Optical Fibre Fitted Production Spark Plug

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Multivariate Knock Detection for Development and Production Applications

Multivariate Knock Detection for Development and Production Applications

Development of A Multi-Spectral Pyrometry Sensor for High-Speed Transient Surface-Temperature Measurements in Combustion-Relevant Harsh Environments

The competing chemical and physical effects of transient fuel enrichment on heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine

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