Combustion characteristics of wet ethanol ignited using a focused Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser

Rahman, Kazi Mostafijur; Kawahara, Nobuyuki; Tsuboi, Kazuya; Tomita, Eiji

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.067

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The increase in torque and power output is related to just one reason, the increase in water percentage allow to work with advanced ignition points aiming for maximum brake torque condition, so mixtures with 5% and 10% The presence of small quantities of water in ethanol resulted in faster combustion, but when the water content increased, adverse effects were observed, and the flame development rate decreased. The authors illustrated that as the water content increased, both dilution and chemical effects become more important and as a result the flame propagation velocity of the blend decreases [9]. The authors also investigated the pressure history as a function of time for different water contents, and the results revealed that the pressure reached a peak faster for small water contents than for the anhydrous ethanol.…”

Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for high-water contents, the peak pressure was achieved later than with anhydrous ethanol. The authors illustrated that to the ethanol molecules being trapped in the large cavities within the water structure, which can lead to volume contraction of the ethanol-water blend [9]. In a related study, Ambros et al [77] tested commercial hydrous ethanol blends ranging from 10% to 40% by volume prepared by the addition of water.…”

Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in water percentage (5%-30% by volume) in ethanol allow one to work with advanced ignition points, aiming maximum brake torque condition lead to increases the cylinder pressure [77][78][79]. Moreover, any water addition beyond this 30% content had an adverse effect on engine combustion [9,77,78], attributed to the ethanol molecules being trapped in the large cavities within the water structure and decreases in the laminar burning velocities with increased water content in ethanol. Finally, at fixed ignition timing setting conditions, the increased water content in ethanol fuel blends decreases the cylinder pressure [68,77], and combustion duration [68,79].…”

Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

et al. 2016

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This paper reviews the serviceability of hydrous ethanol as a clean, cheap and green renewable substitute fuel for spark ignition engines and discusses the comparative chemical and physical properties of hydrous ethanol and gasoline fuels. The significant differences in the properties of hydrous ethanol and gasoline fuels are sufficient to create a significant change during the combustion phase of engine operation and consequently affect the performance of spark-ignition (SI) engines. The stability of ethanol-gasoline-water blends is also discussed. Furthermore, the effects of hydrous ethanol, and its blends with gasoline fuel on SI engine combustion characteristics, cycle-to-cycle variations, engine performance parameters, and emission characteristics have been highlighted. Higher water solubility in ethanol-gasoline blends may be obviously useful and suitable; nevertheless, the continuous ability of water to remain soluble in the blend is significantly affected by temperature. Nearly all published engine experimental results showed a significant improvement in combustion characteristics and enhanced engine performance for the use of hydrous ethanol as fuel. Moreover, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions were also significantly decreased. It is also worth pointing out that unburned hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide emissions were also reduced for the use of hydrous ethanol. However, unregulated emissions such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde were significantly increased.

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Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combustion and Performance Of Ethanol Fuel With Different Wamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

et al. 2016

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“…However, at a high load condition, HE20 performed better equated to low load, most likely due to the existence of water involved in hydrous ethanol that led to a flame propagation and an improved combustion process due to the raised amount of H, O, and OH radicals from water dissociation [13,58,59]. In addition, the test results announced by Rahman et al [60] revealed that a faster combustion was achieved by adding a small amount of water in ethanol. In addition, under low equivalence ratio conditions, the flame speed for hydrous ethanol was higher than that of anhydrous ethanol.…”

Section: In-cylinder Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

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“…Laser ignition can be classified into two types: ignition with breakdown of plasma by the focused pulsed laser [33][34][35] and heat ignition by a continuous-wave (CW) laser [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives

Itouyama

Habu

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The ignition system for ammonium dinitramide‐based non‐solvent ionic liquids (ADN‐EILPs) with a continuous‐wave (CW) laser was investigated. The efficiency of conversion from CW laser power to ignition energy for ADN‐EILPs is important, and carbon additives are expected to enhance the efficiency of conversion. The impact of additive shapes on ADN‐EILP ignition by CW lasers is discussed herein by comparing the results of the ignition behavior observation using a high‐speed infrared camera. The shapes of the carbon additives are of two different types: fine fiber mass, called carbon wool, and powder of graphite. The ignition delay of carbon wool mixed ADN‐EILPs is shorter than that of the sample with graphite powder. The difference in these results might depend on the low dispersibility in ADN‐EILPs of carbon wools and the presence of local heat spots owing to the CW laser. The addition of carbon wools in ADN‐EILPs is expected to facilitate their ignition by CW laser heating.

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Combustion characteristics of wet ethanol ignited using a focused Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond laser

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission Products from Hydrous Ethanol and Its Blends with Gasoline

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives

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