Combustion characteristics of n-heptane and wood crib fires at different altitudes

Li, Zhenhua; He, Yaping; Zhang, Hui; Wang, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.033

Cited by 121 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The subsequent experimental investigation conducted at a higher altitude of 4250 m by Hu et al (2011) confi rmed the fi ndings for the burning rate and combustion behaviors made in Li et al (2009).…”

Section: Influence Of High Altitude On Combustion Efficiency and Radisupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Jun et al 2008 concluded that the ratios of the average burning rates of n-heptane fi res in Lhasa to Hefei approaches approximately the air pressure ratio of Lhasa to Hefei, i.e., 0.64. Li et al (2009) investigated wood and n-heptane fi res at two altitudes (50 m and 3650 m) and found that the ratio of burning rates at these two pressures coincides with the conclusion of Wieser et al (1997). In order to compare the combustion behaviors at two altitudes for the same burning rate, Li et al (2009) employed larger n-heptane pan tests and reported that the fl ame radiation fl ux is lower while the average fl ame…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The burning rate or mass loss rate, as a primary parameter of solid and liquid fuel fi res and a governing factor that infl uence the combustion behaviors, has been inevitably investigated in these previous works (Hu et al, 2011;Jun et al, 2008;Li et al, 2009;Nikitin, 1998;Wieser et al, 1997;Yin et al, 2013). So a gaseous fuel of acetylene was used by Yang et al (2012) to obtain exactly the same burning rate at two altitudes (50 m and 3650 m) in a more recent work.…”

Section: Influence Of High Altitude On Combustion Efficiency and Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of High Altitude on Combustion Efficiency and Radiation Fraction of Hydrocarbon Fires

Yao

et al. 2017

Heat Trans Res

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Section: Influence Of High Altitude On Combustion Efficiency and Radisupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Influence Of High Altitude On Combustion Efficiency and Radimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of High Altitude on Combustion Efficiency and Radiation Fraction of Hydrocarbon Fires

Yao

et al. 2017

Heat Trans Res

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“…The decrease of the fire incidence in the highest altitude class in Portugal can be associated to the influence of altitude on combustion characteristics. On this respect, Li et al (2009) showed that the burning rate, radiation heat flux and flame temperature at high altitude is lower than at low altitude for equal BA and, conversely, radiation heat flux at high altitude is lower than at low altitude for the same burning rate, though higher average flame temperature. In fact, high-altitude environment is characterized by low atmospheric pressure and temperature, low air and oxygen density, which significantly affects fire behaviour (Yan et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Negligent and intentional fires in Portugal: Spatial distribution characterization

Parente

Pereira

Amraoui

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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In the European context, Portugal is the country with the highest number of wildfires and the second with more burnt area. The vast majority of these events are of human origin, whether caused by accident, negligence or arson, reason why it is particularly important to know the regime of these wildfires for forest and wildfire management activities. The study focuses on the most recent years of 2001-2014, when wildfire ignition's coordinates are known, and aims to identify and characterize the wildfire incidence spatial patterns of variability as well as their main drivers. After grouping wildfires with human cause into negligent and intentional, we studied their spatial distribution in terms of normalized number of wildfires (NNF) and burnt area (NBA) in the five Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics II regions of mainland Portugal. Results disclose an uneven spatial distribution of the fire incidence, characterized by a south-north gradient, much higher values in Norte region and more evident for intentional than for negligent wildfires. Human and biophysical drivers strongly influence NNF and NBA, at regional and national scales. Distribution patterns at regional scale, for negligent and intentional wildfires are quite different from entire mainland and all wildfires. Drivers' influence is higher for intentional than for negligent wildfires, for southern than for northern regions and for NBA than for NNF. The leading drivers of NNF are distance to roads (d) population density (pd) and altitude (h) while of NBA are h, d, slope and pd, and this influence is higher for intentional than for negligent wildfires.

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“…The altitude tests conducted by Wieser et al [1] with a mobile test platform to test EN54 fires at 4 altitudes from 400m (97kPa) to 3000m (71kPa), the results of which showed that the burning rate at higher altitude is lower for about . With the highaltitude fire lab built in Lhasa, China, Li [2] and Fang [3] tested different sizes of n-Heptane pool fires, the results of which showed that the burning rate at higher altitude is lower, so is the flame radiation; but the flame temperature is slightly higher at higher altitude and the soot volume fraction decreases with pressure as . Chamber tests by various pressure vessels have shown to be effective as indicated in the previous low-pressure fire studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment

Liu

Yang

et al. 2017

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Cabin fires during in-flight and fires in high altitude airport have attracted a lot of attention. The previous fire tests at high altitudes were all conducted under very limited number of static pressure levels. It is important to design a controlled oxygen and pressure environment and conduct experiments to study the fire behaviors at different depressurization rates. A low-pressure chamber with oxygen and pressure control of 2×3×4.65m 3 in volume is developed and built to simulate highaltitude environment. Pool fire experiments using 20-cm and 30-cm-diameter pans are performed at three different depressurization rates, e.g. 5.46kPa/min, 10.92kPa/min, and 19.68kPa/min. The parameters measured include burning rate, flame temperature, radiative heat flux, and heat release rate, et al. The results from fire experiments under different depressurization rates demonstrate the difference and impacts of dynamic pressure environment on liquid fire behaviors and helpful for fire prevention during the flight of the aircraft.

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Combustion characteristics of n-heptane and wood crib fires at different altitudes

Cited by 121 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of High Altitude on Combustion Efficiency and Radiation Fraction of Hydrocarbon Fires

Influence of High Altitude on Combustion Efficiency and Radiation Fraction of Hydrocarbon Fires

Negligent and intentional fires in Portugal: Spatial distribution characterization

Burning Characteristics of N-Heptane Pool Fire in a Controlled Dynamic Pressure Environment

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