Abstract:Although waste animal fats such as chicken fat are promising alternative energy sources, biodiesels produced from these type of feedstocks hardly satisfies the EN14214 biodiesel standards. In this study, biomixtures were prepared by blending cottonseed biodiesel and chicken rendering fat biodiesel which were produced via transesterification method. Biodiesels were blended with each other at 60/40, 50/50 and 30/70 volume ratios to produce CO60CH40, CO50CH50 and CO30CH70 fuels. First, fuel properties of the neat… Show more
“…Thus, this finding proved that the coating mixture had significant effect on the increasing of the temperature of combustion chamber. Higher temperature in the combustion chamber assisted to reduce ignition delay period and enhanced burning of fuel [9]. At maximum load, BTE effect against variable speed for Kubota Diesel Engine exemplifies the lowest trend for all coated compared to non-coated.…”
Section: Engine Performancementioning
confidence: 94%
“…Hence, coating of 90% Y 2 O 3 •ZrO 2 + 10% Al 2 O 3 •SiO 2 is not a good coating to be considered for TBC. The BTE can be defined as the percentage of chemical energy from fuel converted into kinetic energy in the engine [9]. Selection of right coating mixture is vital as the TBC plays significant role in the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy.…”
Section: Engine Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, application of biodiesel in unmodified the internal combustion diesel engine significantly declined the performance of the engine and its combustion characteristics, which might be caused by the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel [6,7]. Thus, various aspects of engine modification have been explored in order to overcome this drawback and the TBC seems a positive solution [8,9].…”
In this study, the performance and emission of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) engine which applied palm oil biodiesel and diesel as a fuel were evaluated. TBC was prepared by using a series of mixture consisting different blend ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y2O3·ZrO2) and aluminum oxide-silicon oxide (Al2O3·SiO2) via plasma spray coating technique. The experimental results showed that mixture of TBC with 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 had an excellent nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) reductions compared to other blend-coated pistons. The finding also indicated that coating mixture 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 had the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowest of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to all mixture coating. Reductions of HC and CO emissions were also recorded for 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 and 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 coatings. These encouraging findings had further proven the significance of TBC in enhancing the engine performance and emission reductions operated with different types of fuel.
“…Thus, this finding proved that the coating mixture had significant effect on the increasing of the temperature of combustion chamber. Higher temperature in the combustion chamber assisted to reduce ignition delay period and enhanced burning of fuel [9]. At maximum load, BTE effect against variable speed for Kubota Diesel Engine exemplifies the lowest trend for all coated compared to non-coated.…”
Section: Engine Performancementioning
confidence: 94%
“…Hence, coating of 90% Y 2 O 3 •ZrO 2 + 10% Al 2 O 3 •SiO 2 is not a good coating to be considered for TBC. The BTE can be defined as the percentage of chemical energy from fuel converted into kinetic energy in the engine [9]. Selection of right coating mixture is vital as the TBC plays significant role in the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy.…”
Section: Engine Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, application of biodiesel in unmodified the internal combustion diesel engine significantly declined the performance of the engine and its combustion characteristics, which might be caused by the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel [6,7]. Thus, various aspects of engine modification have been explored in order to overcome this drawback and the TBC seems a positive solution [8,9].…”
In this study, the performance and emission of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) engine which applied palm oil biodiesel and diesel as a fuel were evaluated. TBC was prepared by using a series of mixture consisting different blend ratio of yttria stabilized zirconia (Y2O3·ZrO2) and aluminum oxide-silicon oxide (Al2O3·SiO2) via plasma spray coating technique. The experimental results showed that mixture of TBC with 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 had an excellent nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) reductions compared to other blend-coated pistons. The finding also indicated that coating mixture 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 had the highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lowest of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to all mixture coating. Reductions of HC and CO emissions were also recorded for 60% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 40% Al2O3·SiO2 and 50% Y2O3·ZrO2 + 50% Al2O3·SiO2 coatings. These encouraging findings had further proven the significance of TBC in enhancing the engine performance and emission reductions operated with different types of fuel.
“…The only difference is the functional group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain of biodiesel. Due to this unique feature, biodiesel shows similar combustion performance (Masera et al, 2017;Park et al, 2019). Biodiesel has many advantages over traditional diesel fuel, like renewability, biodegradability, better combustion performance, and is non-hazardous to the environment (Orege et al, 2022; Gill rt al., 2022; Khan et al, 2009).…”
This paper deals with the biogenic synthesis of tin oxide-corn peal ash (SnO2/CPA) nanocomposites as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel.SnO2/CPA nanocomposites were synthesized by a green method using the leaf extract of Azadirachtaindica and ash carbon obtained from the dried peels of Zea mays at room temperature. The biomolecules present in the leaf extract act as a complexing as well as a capping agent. The morphology and chemical components of the catalyst are characterized using analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The highest biodiesel yield of 86.3% was attained under the optimized reaction conditions; methanol to oil ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 2 wt %, and reaction time of 120 min at a temperature of 60°C. 1HNMR and FTIR confirmed the presence of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The composition of FAME was determined using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Investigations proved that SnO2/CPA nanocomposites an effective sustainable heterogeneous green catalyst for the production of biodiesel.
Biodiesel is considered as one of the attractive alternatives to fossil diesel fuel. Although biodiesels reduces most of the harmful gas emissions, they normally releases higher NOx emissions compared to fossil diesel. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a wellknown technique used in the OEM industry to mitigate NOx emission. However, this technique may not be suitable for application in low power density engines due to back pressure and clogging issues. On the other hand, Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) is used in relatively large combustion operations ie. boilers and incinerators. The main disadvantage of SNCR technique is the high temperature window for diesel engine exhaust temperature. This study introduces a new design concept, which is a combination of SCR and SNCR systems, for low power density diesel engines. The developed after-treatment system composed of two main parts, injection-expansion pipe and swirl chamber. The working principle is providing maximum mixing of the injected fluid and exhaust gas in the expansion chamber, then creating a maximum turbulence in the swirl chamber. In this regard, NOx emission can be reduced at relatively lower exhaust temperatures without using any catalyst. The CFD models of three design candidates were examined in terms of velocity magnitudes, turbulence intensity and particle residence time to select the optimum physical dimensions. The selected design was manufactured and installed to exhaust system of a 1.3 litre diesel engine. Two fluids distilled water and urea-water solution were injected separately at the same flow rate of 375 ml/min. Exhaust gas emissions of fossil diesel, sheep fat biodieselwaste cooking oil biodiesel blend and chicken fat -cottonseed biodiesel blend were tested. No significant changes in CO2 and HC emissions were observed. However, it was found that distilled water injection reduced CO and NO emissions by about 10% and 6% for fossil diesel; and by about 9% and 7% for biodiesels operation respectively. The urea-water injection led to reductions in CO and NO emissions by about 60% and 13% for fossil diesel; and by about 45% and 15% for biodiesels respectively.
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