Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate and Carbon Mixtures Based on a Thermal Decomposition Mechanism

Izato, Yu Ichiro; Miyake, Akira; Date, Shingo

doi:10.1002/prep.201100106

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They subsequently proposed various condensed phase combustion models [6,7]. The present authors have studied the thermal decomposition and combustion mechanisms for AN/carbon mixtures [8][9][10][11] and ammonium dinitramide [12,13] and determined that sustainable combustion is associated with exothermic decomposition of the condensed phase [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Raman spectra of ammonium nitrate (AN) above its melting point of 443 K and decomposition temperature of 533 K were acquired, and the thermal properties of AN were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) so as to obtain a better understanding of the condensed phase decomposition. The Raman spectra of molten AN at both 443 and 533 K exhibited a strong peak at 1043 cm -1 , assigned to the m 1 vibrational stretching mode of the NO 3 -group, and a 710 cm -1 peak attributed to the d 4 bending mode of the NO 3 -group, whereas no peak was observed at approximately 940 cm -1 due to the O 0 -NO 2 stretching mode of HNO 3 . Chemical equilibrium calculations based on the reaction NO 3 -? NH 4 ? HNO 3 ? NH 3 demonstrated that the concentration of HNO 3 gradually increases with temperature, although the HNO 3 to NO 3 -ratio was still only approximately 0.0034, even at 533 K. Thus, molten AN was found to contain primarily NO 3 -and only a minor amount of liquid HNO 3 over the temperature range analyzed. The heat flow associated with condensed phase decomposition was simulated based on the assumption that the decomposition rate of AN is given by ÀdC AN =dt ¼ 10 9:4 exp À125520=RT ð Þ C NH þ 4 C HNO 3 and that C NH þ 4 and C HNO 3 are constant due to chemical equilibrium. The heat flow curves thus calculated were in good agreement with the experimental DSC data acquired at 5.1 MPa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Izato

Miyake

2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…[47] N 2ðgÞ þ3H 2 Ammonia production using renewable intermittent energy is technically feasible with current technologies. [48,49] Moreover,v arious ammonia-derived nitrogen-based fuels have been previously suggested, such as:A Na nd AN-based compositions, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] aqueous hydroxylammonium nitrate, [57,58] ammonium dinitramide, [59][60][61][62] and aqueous AN with ammonium hydroxide or urea. [14] While the methanol economy addresses both the energy and the broad chemical sectors, [63,64] …”

Section: The Nitrogen Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

Dana

Elishav

Bardow³

et al. 2016

Angew Chem Int Ed

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“…Metal halides [4,5], potassium-based compounds [6,7], copper-based compounds [8,9], organic compounds [10,11], and ammonium sulfate and chlorides [12] are reported to stabilize AN phase transitions. Out of all the compounds, potassium-based compounds are the most effective at phase stabilizing AN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

Kumar¹,

Joshi²

2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Potassium dinitramide (KDN) was incorporated in ammonium nitrate (AN) crystals in AN/KDN ratio of 90/10, 75/25 and 50/50 by a co-crystallization method. These mixtures were subjected to thermal decompositional studies (DSC-TG) using a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). The catalysts used for the present studies were: i) cupric(II) oxide (CuO) and, ii) copper-cobalt based metal oxide (Cu-Co * ). For all catalytic samples, 2% by weight percent of catalyst was added to the total weight of the samples. Thermal decomposition studies were carried out for all the oxidizer samples prepared. Thermal decompositional studies were carried out at three different heating rates, i.e. 3 K/min, 5 K/min and 10 K/min, and the kinetic parameters were computed using the model free FlynnWall-Ozawa equation. It has been observed that 50% KDN addition resulted in complete suppression of endothermicity indicating total supression of the phase changes of AN in this temperature range. Further, it was noticed that CuO acts as a better phase stabilizer for AN as compared to Cu-Co * . However, Cu-Co * considerably increased the net exothermic decompositional heat release (J/g) of AN.

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Combustion Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrate and Carbon Mixtures Based on a Thermal Decomposition Mechanism

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate (AN)

Nitrogen‐Based Fuels: A Power‐to‐Fuel‐to‐Power Analysis

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics Studies of AN, KDN and Their Mixtures with and without Catalysts

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