Combustion Behavior of Solid Oxidizer/Gaseous Fuel Diffusion Flames

Young, Glenn M.; Roberts, Colin W.; Dunham, Steven

doi:10.2514/6.2012-1127

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, Olszak‐Humienik reported that, using DTA, the lowest temperature (not counting the phase transitions) at which any reaction for AN could be observed was 182°C, which is 13°C above its melting point. But other TGA studies show slight reactions as low as 150°C, with pronounced decomposition over the range 160°C‐240°C, or 190°C‐250°C, or 220°C‐305°C, or 250°C‐295°C (Figure ), and at the high end of the range essentially zero material is left. However, there is no universally agreed‐upon range, since, among other factors, lowering the heating rate lowers the temperature rate at which decomposition is recorded.…”

Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of Anmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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The thermal decomposition reactions of ammonium nitrate (AN) are reviewed. Both neat AN and AN containing various contaminants are examined, however quantitative kinetics results are not encompassed. Also not included is the performance of AN as the oxidizer in rocket propellants or in explosives such as ANFO. The review is intended to be the most comprehensive review of decomposition reactions of AN since Berthelot's treatise of 1892. Despite hundreds of papers on the topic that have appeared in the intervening years, understanding of decomposition mechanisms remains only modestly more complete than it was in Berthelot's day. However, some additional reaction steps and mechanisms have been identified and these are discussed. Explosions of AN most commonly involve fire as the proximate cause, yet chemical-mechanism research on the topic is nil. A modest number of studies have explored the potentiation of AN decomposition by organic contaminants. These have, thus far, not produced guidance useful for promoting of safety from fire-related causes. Contamination from inorganic sources, notably chlorides is better understood and some mechanisms have been studied. The UN classification of AN as an oxidizer, instead of as an explosive, should not be interpreted literally, since AN has been associated with numerous detonation disasters. K E Y W O R D Sammonium nitrate,

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Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of Anmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Babrauskas

Leggett²

2019

Fire and Materials

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“…A bellows was incorporated in the optical train, allowing for greater magnification. Further experiments were conducted with the single interference filter replaced by a series of Semrock filters (FF01-300/80-25 and FF01-315/ [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for image quality [28].…”

Section: Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Counterflow burning rate data at 1 atm presented in Refs. [21] and [22] show the AP burning rate increases with counterflow velocity (strain rate). The shifted flame increases the surface temperature gradient, typically resulting in a faster burning rate.…”

Section: Flame Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The burning rates of pressed AP pellets from atmospheric [19][20][21] to pressures well above the AP LPDL [22] have been examined using a pressurized counterflow burner where the AP pellets were combusted with gaseous methane and ethylene. In these experiments the flame is strained, meaning an axial velocity gradient parallel to the diffusion flame is introduced by changing the gas flow velocities over a fixed separation distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of counterflow velocity on the measured linear burning rates of ported AP pellets having inert opposed flow gas compared to published data[19][20][21]40] for solid AP pellets burning under methane and ethylene counterflow gases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Near-surface flame structure characterization of simplified ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene compositions

Isert

Connell

Risha

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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Simplified model propellant configurations, such as monomodal propellants, can be valuable in the development and validation of predictive numerical tools. These idealized experiments also yield insight into the effect of diffusion length scales on combustion, but comprehensive data covering a large range of diffusional length scales do not currently exist. Here, monomodal propellants with ammonium perchlorate (AP) particle sizes under 800 µm and AP pellets ported and filled with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) were used to systematically study the effect of diffusion length scales, or AP equivalent particle sizes) of up to 4.1 mm on flame structure. In general, burning rates increased with pressure and decreasing particle size, as expected. Burning rates for samples with particle sizes greater than 400 µm converged with AP monopropellant burning rate data above approximately 2 MPa, the AP low-pressure deflagration limit (LPDL). For a given pressure above the LPDL, burning rates eventually became constant for both increasing and decreasing particle sizes. Conversely, for a given pressure below the

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The Relationship Between Flame Structure and Burning Rate for Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellants

Isert

Son

2017

Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics

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Combustion Behavior of Solid Oxidizer/Gaseous Fuel Diffusion Flames

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

Near-surface flame structure characterization of simplified ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene compositions

The Relationship Between Flame Structure and Burning Rate for Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellants

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