Combustion and Stubble Burning: A Major Concern for the Environment and Human Health

Chanana, Ishita; Sharma, Aparajita; Kumar, Pradeep; Kumar, Lokender; Kulshrestha, Saurabh; Kumar, Sanjay; Patel, Sanjay

doi:10.3390/fire6020079

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…There is a direct correlation between the composition of waste and the methods of disposal [ 11 ]. As a result of the combustion and decay of solid wastes in open spaces, gaseous emissions, particulates, and volatiles are released into the atmosphere, and seepage leads to biological and chemical contamination of soil and groundwater [ 14 , 30 , 31 ]. However, the methane generated during the combustion of organic waste contributes to an increase in global warming and climate change [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal

Aryal,

Adhikary

2024

PLoS ONE

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This study is a comprehensive assessment of the waste management system in Besisahar municipality. Information and some data have been collected from the municipality of Besisahar, followed by interviews with municipal officials responsible for waste management, stakeholders, waste workers, and residents. A total of 230 households, 20 schools, 10 government and private offices, 10 financial institutions, 60 commercial hotels, restaurants, and shops, and 20 medical shops and healthcare institutions, were selected in this study by random sampling. An extensive field study was conducted within all municipal wards and at dump sites. The results indicated that 42.14% of solid waste was collected through door-to-door collection services, 5.87% was mismanaged in open public places, 11.21% was used as compost manure, and the rest was discarded on riverbanks, dug up, and burned. A large component of the characterization of household waste consisted of organic waste (68.03%), followed by paper/paper products (8.13%), agricultural waste (5.5%), plastic (5.21%), construction (3.81%), textile (2.72%), metals (0.54%), glass (1.01%), rubber (0.10%), electronic (0.05%), pharmaceutical (0.1%) and others (4.78%) in the Besishahar municipality. Solid waste generation was found to be at 197.604 g/capita/day, as revealed by cluster sampling in 230 households. Around 4.285 tons-solid waste/day were generated in urban areas, while 16.13 tons-solid waste/day was estimated for the whole municipality. An important correlation between the parameters of solid waste was found by statistical analysis. Currently, solid waste is dumped on riverbanks, open fields, and springs, creating environmental and health hazards. The findings of this study will be useful to Besisahar municipality and its stakeholders in forming policies that facilitate waste management practices in this region and promote sustainable waste management systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal

Aryal,

Adhikary

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…The burning method, product toxicity, fuel shape, re plot orientation, temperature, oxygen concentration, and material composition all affect combustion e uents. The composition of these materials varies depending on the conditions under which they burn and their organic and elemental makeup (Chanana et al 2023).…”

Section: Fossil Fuel Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing Elemental Compositions and Origins of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Faridabad, Haryana (India)

Yadav,

Bajar,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In the present investigation, elemental concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were examined in Faridabad, a heavily polluted city of, Haryana, India from July 2022 to July 2023 at 2 representative sampling sites. The mean mass concentration (± standard deviation) of PM2.5 over the period of the investigation was calculated to be 108 ± 16 µg m− 3 at site 1 and 154 ± 11 µg m− 3 at site 2. PM2.5 mass concentrations of both the sites surpassing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) limit (for 24 h: 60 µg m− 3 and for annual :40 µg m− 3) during the study. Throughout the study period, 41 elements at Site 1 (designated as institutional) and 43 elements at Site 2 (designated as residential) in PM2.5 were extracted using a Wavelength-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (WD-XRF). The annual mean concentrations of elements composition of PM2.5 accounted for 14.9% at site 1 and 16.9% at site 2. The seasonal mass concentrations of PM2.5 for both the study sites exhibited at the order of post-monsoon (site 1: 197 ± 29 µg m− 3; site 2: 236 ± 12 µg m− 3) > winter (167 ± 11 µg m− 3; site 2: 236 ± 9 µg m− 3) > summer (87 ± 8µg m− 3; site 2: 104 ± 4 µg m− 3) > monsoon (48 ± 2 µg m− 3; site 2: 86 ± 5 µg m− 3). Cl, K, Fe, S, and Si are the major elements observed at site 1, and Si, K, Fe, S, Cl, Ca, and Al are at site 2, followed by elevated levels of other minor elements at both sites. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined five primary sources [crustal dust (site 1: 22%; site 2: 23%), combustion (site 1: 18%; site 2: 18%), biomass burning (site 1: 19%; site 2: 15%), industrial emissions (site 1: 22%; site 2: 29%), and mixed source (site 1: 19%; site 2: 15%)] of PM2.5 from both the sites in Faridabad, Haryana.

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“…Unfortunately, improper disposal practices, notably the burning of residues, have become prevalent, causing alarming levels of air pollution in northern regions, particularly impacting areas like Delhi [3]. This practice not only harms human health, leading to symptoms such as heart disease and respiratory issues, but also adversely affects soil quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Cellulolytic Fungal Flora from Forests of Maharashtra, India

Jiotode,

Kumbhar,

Jadhav

et al. 2024

IJECC

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The present investigation was conducted to isolate effective cellulolytic fungal flora from soil samples collected from various forests in Maharashtra (India). The study aimed to determine hydrolytic zones and relative enzyme activity for selecting most efficient fungal isolates. Further, the isolates were identified using morphological identification technique. Altogether 137 fungal isolates were obtained in the present study, collected from forests of Lonavala, Chandrapur, Mahabaleshwar, Gadchiroli and Bhandardara. The screening of these fungal isolates for cellulase production revealed that 41 isolates had varying degrees of cellulolytic activity. However, isolate C77 produced the largest clearance zone (4.8 cm) on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) medium. The relative enzyme activity, expressed as the cellulolytic index, ranged from 1.1 to 3.5 among the 41 fungal isolates. Notably, C65 displayed the highest cellulolytic index, indicating superior enzyme activity, while other isolates like G5X, B24 and M145 also exhibited significant cellulolytic activity. From the present investigation it is concluded that Aspergillus terreus Thom, Trichoderma spp. Aff. T. harzianum Rifai, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus spp. Aff. A. flavus Link isolated from the forests of Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Bhandardara and Mahabaleshwar, respectively, were the most efficient cellulose degrading fungi.

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Combustion and Stubble Burning: A Major Concern for the Environment and Human Health

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal

Solid waste management practices and challenges in Besisahar municipality, Nepal

Analysing Elemental Compositions and Origins of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Faridabad, Haryana (India)

Studies on Cellulolytic Fungal Flora from Forests of Maharashtra, India

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