Combustion and pyrolysis of activated carbon fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre assisted through chemical activation with acid treatment

Lee, Ting; Zubir, Zuhana Ahmad; Jamil, Farinaa Md; Matsumoto, Akihiko; Yeoh, Fei-Yee

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2014.10.010

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The higher residual mass in EFB may due to the higher content of inorganic material such as silica compared to kenaf. This was verified in the study conducted by Lee et al (2014) where the residues left at the end of combustion showed similar trend with the content of impurities between control and treated EFB.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Kenaf showed higher thermal degradation temperature than EFB at 342° and 311°, respectively at the second stage of decomposition. Lee et al (2014) also reported that hemicellulose established an earlier decomposition than cellulose in terms of thermal breakdown. The random and branched structure of hemicellulose is predominantly amorphous with lower molecular weight in their chemical structures.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…THErMOGrAVIMETrIC ANALYSIS Figure 6 shows the TGA analysis of all fibres. Thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic materials begins with an early weight loss of moisture content, decomposition of hemicelluloses, followed by depolymerization of cellulose, pyrolysis of lignin, active flaming combustion and char oxidation (Lee et al 2014). It showed clearly that the thermal decomposition of kenaf fibre and palm fibre were similar, which can be divided into three stages.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physico-Mechanical, Chemical Composition, Thermal Degradation and Crystallinity of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Kenaf and Polypropylene Fibres: A Comparatives Study

Anuar

Zakaria²,

Kaco

et al. 2018

JSM

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The physico-mechanical and chemical properties of enzyme retting kenaf and shredded empty fruit bunch of oil palm fibres (EFB) were analyzed by chemical extraction, microscopic, spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray diffraction method. Polypropylene (PP), a petroleum based fibre, was also included to compare the properties of synthetic fibre with natural fibres. Chemical extraction analysis showed that cellulose was the major component in both kenaf and EFB fibres which are 54% and 41.34%, respectively. Silica content of EFB was 5.29% higher than kenaf that was 2.21%. The result of thermogravimetric analysis showed that kenaf has higher thermal decomposition rate compared to EFB fibre. However, the residue for EFB fibre was higher than kenaf due to higher content in inorganic materials. The residual content of PP fibre was only 1.13% which was lower than the natural fibre. The diameter of EFB fibre bundle was 341.7 µm that was three times higher than kenaf. Microscopy study demonstrated that EFB surface was rough, porous and embedded with silica while kenaf showed smooth surface with small pith. Higher porosity in EFB was due to the lower fibre density that was 1.5 kg/cm 3 compared to kenaf that was 1.62 kg/cm 3. Kenaf has illustrated significant higher tensile strength (426.4 MPa) than EFB (150 MPa) and this result is in parallel to the pattern of the crystalline value for both fibres, 65% and 50.58%, respectively.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physico-Mechanical, Chemical Composition, Thermal Degradation and Crystallinity of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Kenaf and Polypropylene Fibres: A Comparatives Study

Anuar

Zakaria²,

Kaco

et al. 2018

JSM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is difficult to repeat and have exactly the same result for the experiment due to several aspects. The raw material used, processing methods and productions conditions will directly affect the physicochemical properties of the AC [22]. However, this experiment could be improved using other raw materials because the properties of the resulting AC produced are very much dependent on the precursor used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material

et al. 2018

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The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H3PO4) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H3PO4 resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m2 g−1 and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM-C20) was done by the encapsulation of n-octadecane into the pores of the PKSAC, C20. The field emission scanning electron microscope images and the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms show that n-octadecane was successfully encapsulated into the pores of C20. The resulting SSPCM-C20 nano-composite shows good thermal reliability which is chemically and thermally stable and can stand up to 500 melting and freezing cycles. This research work provided a new strategy for the preparation of SSPCM material for thermal energy storage application generated from oil palm waste.

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“…wastewater with traces of oils from washing equipment such as presses and clarifiers [1].Although these residues have been used as fuel for boilers or their mixture between the asphalt components, these measures have not been sufficient because the amounts produced of cuesco and fibrilla annually are exorbitant, and most of these are piled up and become a refuge for pests and a source of unpleasant odours at the time of decomposition [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature Activated Carbon from Mixed Biomass Oil Palm Residuals (fibrilla and cuesco) for Use in the Treatment of Oily Water

2018

IJCTR

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:The present research aimed to prepare low temperature activated carbon from cuesco and oil palm fibrilla in a ratio of 50-50 % w w -1 with an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) to be used in the oily substances adsorption in synthetic solutions. The biomass was initially washed, reduced in size and sieved with particle sizes between 2 mm and 1 mm. Afterwards, 10 g of cuesco and 10 g of fibrilla were weighed, mixed, homogenized and impregnated with aqueous ZnCl 2 solutions, the impregnated biomass was filtered and heated for 40 min with a ramp of 5°C min -1 from 150°C to 350°C and then activated with 0.1 M HCl.The precursor (mixture of cuesco and fibrilla) was characterized by analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and synthesized carbons were characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) analysis. The presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, and activated carbon of zinc and chlorine on the surface of both carbons were found in biomass, the almost total deterioration of the bands corresponding to lignin and cellulose, and surface areas of 23.24 m 2 g -1 and 12.38 m 2 g -1 , respectively.Adsorption tests of methylene blue and iodine index showed that carbon 1:2 showed better adsorption capacity. The experimental adsorption data were best adjusted by Elovich's kinetic model and Freundlich's isotherm. Therefore, the use of mixed biomass for the preparation of activated carbon can be used in the adsorption of oil present in water.

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Combustion and pyrolysis of activated carbon fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre assisted through chemical activation with acid treatment

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Physico-Mechanical, Chemical Composition, Thermal Degradation and Crystallinity of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Kenaf and Polypropylene Fibres: A Comparatives Study

Physico-Mechanical, Chemical Composition, Thermal Degradation and Crystallinity of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Kenaf and Polypropylene Fibres: A Comparatives Study

Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon as an Inorganic Framework for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Material

Low-temperature Activated Carbon from Mixed Biomass Oil Palm Residuals (fibrilla and cuesco) for Use in the Treatment of Oily Water

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