Combustion- and friction-derived magnetic air pollution nanoparticles in human hearts

Calderón‐Garcidueñas, Lilian; González-Maciel, Angélica; Mukherjee, Partha S.; Reynoso-Robles, Rafael; Pérez-Guillé, Beatríz; Gayosso-Chávez, Carlos; Torres‐Jardón, Ricardo; Cross, Janet V.; Ahmed, Imad A. M.; Karloukovski, Vassil; Maher, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108567

Cited by 133 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…This indisputable evidence of cardiac damage by exogenous magnetic nanoparticles [135] is supported by experimental work showing uptake of ultrafine iron oxide particles into atherosclerotic lesions in animals. USPIO's (ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide) are phagocytosed by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of the aortic wall of hyperlipidemic rabbits in quantities sufficient to detect by MRI [136].…”

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study showed that Mexico City residents have up to 22 billion magnetic nanoparticles per gram of ventricular tissue, and that these particles were directly responsible for early and significant cardiac damage [135]. The finding of countless combustion-type magnetic nanoparticles in the hearts of persons (including those with dementia) from highly polluted areas is definitive evidence of the link between the iron fraction of air pollution and heart disease [135]. Magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles showing the typical round or spherical morphology of a combustion source were present in numbers 2-10 times that of controls and they were found inside mitochondria in ventricular cardiomyocytes, in endoplasmic reticulum, intercalcated discs, and both endothelial and mast cells [135].…”

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetite and maghemite nanoparticles showing the typical round or spherical morphology of a combustion source were present in numbers 2-10 times that of controls and they were found inside mitochondria in ventricular cardiomyocytes, in endoplasmic reticulum, intercalcated discs, and both endothelial and mast cells [135]. The health consequences of these pollution particles likely reflect the combination of surface charge, ferrimagnetism, redox activity and the potential for disruption of the heart's electrical activity [15,135].…”

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary source of magnetic pollution particles in the human brain and heart is assumed to be roadside air pollution arising from vehicle combustion and frictional brake-wear, and secondarily from industry and coal-fired power plants [72,135,139]. However, it is more likely that coal combustion products including coal fly ash are the primary source of these spherical magnetic particles, with a secondary contribution from vehicle (especially diesel) emissions.…”

Section: Sources Of Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Whiteside¹,

Herndon²

2019

JAMMR

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Globally, air pollution is the leading environmental cause of human disease and death, and it is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Air pollution damages the cardiovascular system by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic changes. Ultrafine particulate matter from the combustion of fossil fuels delivers the most potent and harmful elements of air pollution. Coal fly ash is a rich source of nano-sized metal, iron oxide, and carbonaceous particles. Previous findings revealed that coal fly ash is widely utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. Proper iron balance is central to human health and disease, and the harmful effects of iron are normally prevented by tightly controlled processes of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis. Altered iron balance is linked to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The iron-heart hypothesis is supported by epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies. Biogenic magnetite (Fe3O4) serves essential life functions, but iron oxide nanoparticles from anthropogenic sources cause disease. The recent finding of countless combustion-type magnetic nanoparticles in damaged hearts of persons from highly polluted areas is definitive evidence of the connection between the iron oxide fraction of air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles found in coal fly ash and certain vehicle emissions match the exogenous iron pollution particles found in the human heart. Iron oxide nanoparticles cross the placenta and may act as seed material for future cardiovascular disease. The pandemic of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and also rapid global warming can be alleviated by drastically reducing nanoparticulate air pollution. It is crucial to halt tropospheric aerosol geoengineering, and to curb fine particulate emissions from industrial and traffic sources to avoid further gross contamination of the human race by iron oxide-type nanoparticles.

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Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnetite -Iron Oxide Nanoparticles -And the Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Whiteside¹,

Herndon²

2019

JAMMR

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Impact of Seams on the Operating Behavior of Surface Filters Regarding Particle Emissions

et al. 2022

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Surface filters are widely used in industrial gas cleaning, e.g., as filter bags, to meet particle emission standards. The seam created by manufacturing the filter element is a potential leakage point for dust. A systematic investigation on the impact of the needle diameter of the seam on filter operation in two different filter test rigs is presented, regarding differential pressure and particle emissions. Four membrane samples, one without seam and three sewn with different needle diameters, were used to evaluate the fractional separation efficiency and the dust emissions. While the sample without seam showed near-perfect particle separation, a larger needle diameter led to an increase in dust emissions. The impact of needle diameter on the differential pressure was negligible.

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Research progress on toxicity, function, and mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles on vascular endothelial cells

Wang

Tang

2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Metal oxide nanoparticles present stable and unique performance that makes them suitable for various biomedical applications. There are four common exposure ways that nanoparticles enter our body: injection, inhalation, skin penetration, and ingestion. Among them, injection, ingestion, and skin routes may become significant ways for nano‐scale treatment and cosmetics, and inhalation is the essential way for occupational exposure. All those nanoparticles could pass through the exposure routes and enter the circulation, which could cause damage on the cardiovascular system. So it is necessary to evaluate the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles and to explore the mechanism. This review chose four commonly used nanometal oxides to discuss about the toxicity they produced, the function they affected, and the mechanisms on cardiovascular endothelial cells. First, we discussed the toxicity they caused. These nanoparticles are less toxic when applied in low doses, but owing to the small particle size and large specific surface area, acute exposure or the metal ions released by nanoparticles will lead to phenotypic changes of endothelial cells, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. An endothelial cell is an essential part of blood vessels and could act as a barrier, maintain vascular tension, and keep the balance between coagulation and anticoagulation. Once vascular endothelium is injured or exposed to vascular risk factors, it would cause endothelial activation, endothelial dysfunction, and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) dysfunction, which are closely related to the cardiovascular disease. Finally, we talked about the mechanisms by four levels, and we especially mentioned inflammation, the production of reactive oxygen species, and NO.

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Combustion- and friction-derived magnetic air pollution nanoparticles in human hearts

Abstract: Funding: In part by SEP-CONACYT 255956. Funding source had no involvement in study design; collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Cited by 133 publications

References 42 publications

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Impact of Seams on the Operating Behavior of Surface Filters Regarding Particle Emissions

Research progress on toxicity, function, and mechanism of metal oxide nanoparticles on vascular endothelial cells

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