Combustion and emission characteristics of a port-injection HCNG engine under various ignition timings

Ma, Fenglong; Liu, Haiquan; Wang, Yu; Li, Yong; Wang, Junjun; Zhao, Shikai

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.09.047

Cited by 125 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…11 In addition, the ignition timing has a substantial effect on the emission and performance of SI engines. 8,[32][33][34] Retarding the ignition timing causes a reduction in NO x formation during the combustion process that is mostly due to the drop in the peak temperature. Advancing the ignition timing to some extent usually causes the combustion process to occur near the top dead center, resulting in increased NO x emissions and raising the gas temperature inside of the cylinder.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Characterization Of Pm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

Lin

Chang

Hsieh

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study was focused on fuel energy efficiency and pollution analysis of different ratios of ethanol-gasoline blended fuels (E0, E3, E6, and E9) under different loadings. In this research, the experimental system consisted of a small engine generator, a particulate matter measurement system, and an exhaust gas analyzer system. Different fuels, unleaded gasoline, and ethanol-gasoline blends (E0, E3, E6, and E9) were used to study their effects on the exhaust gas emission and were expressed as thermal efficiency of the small engine generator energy efficiency. The results suggested that particle number concentration increased as the engine loading increased; however, it decreased as the ethanol content in the blend increased. While using E6 as fuel, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was less than other fuels (E0, E3, and E9) for each engine loading. The average of CO concentration reduction by using E3, E6, and E9 is 42, 86, and 83%, respectively. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 78.7, 97.5, and 89.46% of the mean average values of hydrocarbons (HCs) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, for all engine loadings. Using an ethanol-gasoline blend led to a significant reduction in exhaust emissions by approximately 35, 86, and 77% of the mean average values of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) with E3, E6, and E9 fuels, respectively, at each engine loading. The E6 fuel gave the best results of the exhaust emissions, and the E9 fuel gave the best results of the particle emissions and engine performance. The thermal efficiency of the small engine generator increased as the ethanol content in the blend increased and as the engine loading increased. INTRODUCTIONWith higher scale of consumption of nonrenewable fuels, the quest for an appropriate alternative fuel has gathered great momentum. The consequence to reduce pollutant emissions from petroleum-based engines has actuated the development and testing of several alternative fuels in recent years.Alcohols (e.g., ethanol, which is a colorless liquid with mild characteristic odor and can be produced from coal, natural gas, and biomass) have a high octane number and can be used as one of the practical alternative fuels. Furthermore, ethanol has a higher heat of vaporization than gasoline, which means it freezes the air, allows more mass to be drawn into the cylinder, and increases the power output. In addition, ethanol has antiknock characteristics that improve engine efficiency and give higher compression ratios.Ethanol contains an oxygen atom; therefore, it can be regarded as a partially oxidized fuel. 1,2 Because of this, it has a lower heating value and stoichiometric fuel-to-air ratio than gasoline. As a result, much more fuel is needed to obtain the same performance when ethanol or ethanolgasoline blends are used. 1,3,4 Ethanol has a higher octane number than gasoline, thus it can lead to operation at higher compression ratios and therefore improvement in power output, efficiency, and fuel con...

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Section: Results and Discussion Characterization Of Pm Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

Lin

Chang

Hsieh

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…(b) Other studies show that depending on the pipe material, only up to 6% is allowable [26]. (c) In ICEs, the addition of a small amount of hydrogen to natural gas (5%-30% by volume) leads to many advantages, due to physical and chemical properties [27]. (d) Below about 20% of hydrogen in natural gas, hydrogen has no adverse effect on natural gas combustion characteristics and renders the fuel cleaner burning [1].…”

Section: Mixing Hydrogen With Natural Gas and Implications For Infrasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the hydrogen injected is based on the maximum of either the amount of the pipeline can accept (5% of the natural gas pipeline flow is considered based on previous studies [27]) or the amount of hydrogen the wind farm can produce. In most cases, this is dictated by wind farm size.…”

Section: System Costs and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Wind Energy, Hydrogen and Natural Gas Pipeline Systems to Meet Community and Transportation Energy Needs: A Parametric Study

Garmsiri

Rosen

Smith³

2014

Sustainability

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Abstract:The potential benefits are examined of the "Power-to-Gas" (P2G) scheme to utilize excess wind power capacity by generating hydrogen (or potentially methane) for use in the natural gas distribution grid. A parametric analysis is used to determine the feasibility and size of systems producing hydrogen that would be injected into the natural gas grid. Specifically, wind farms located in southwestern Ontario, Canada are considered. Infrastructure requirements, wind farm size, pipeline capacity, geographical dispersion, hydrogen production rate, capital and operating costs are used as performance measures. The model takes into account the potential production rate of hydrogen and the rate that it can be injected into the local gas grid. "Straw man" systems are examined, centered on a wind farm size of 100 MW integrating a 16-MW capacity electrolysis system typically producing 4700 kg of hydrogen per day.

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“…This is due to the decrease in temperature due to the early ignition timing. The performance and emissions characteristics at different spark timings are more clearly explained in Ma et al (2008c).…”

Section: Spark Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas as a Fuel for Engines

Ma¹,

Naeve²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Natural Gas

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Combustion and emission characteristics of a port-injection HCNG engine under various ignition timings

Cited by 125 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

Effect of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on Small Engine Generator Energy Efficiency and Exhaust Emission

Integration of Wind Energy, Hydrogen and Natural Gas Pipeline Systems to Meet Community and Transportation Energy Needs: A Parametric Study

Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas as a Fuel for Engines

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