Combustion and emission characteristics of a spray guided direct-injection spark-ignition engine fueled with natural gas-hydrogen blends

Mixture formation analysis in a direct-injection NG SI engine under different injection timings

“…In such cases, the piston is in fact too far from the jet to exert a proper reflection, and the mixture motion is generated by the air entering the cylinder during intake. In the last decade, many researchers have concentrated their efforts in pursuing research projects focused on direct injection NG engines, both from an experimental and numerical point of view [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Simulation of spark ignition engine performance working on biogas hydrogen mixture

“…Engine working with biogas at 3000 rpm HC concentration in exhaust gasses was 522.48 ppm, added 5 % of hydrogen reduced hydrocarbons concentration by 9.51 %, 10 % of H 2 reduced by 17.28 % and 15 % of H 2 reduced by 24.78 % comparing at same engine speed with emission when engine working with biogas. HC reduction causes by increased in-cylinder temperature and more complete combustion because of added hydrogen and reduced carbon content of the fuel [20].…”

Use of Hydrogen-Methane Blends in Internal Combustion Engines

“…The decrease in the C/H ratio of the mixtures with the increase of hydrogen fraction is responsible for this. A low carbon fraction produces low CO2 concentration [76]. The maximum pressures for the 8% H2, 5% H2, 3%H2 and pure CNG occurred at 11, 12, 12.5, and a 13.5 o crank angle ATDC respectively [77].…”

“…BSCO (g/kw h) values versus equivalence ratio in different studies [75]. Figure 12 gives the brake NOx, HC, CO and CO2 emission versus hydrogen fraction at various injection timings [76]. Brake NOx emission increases with increasing hydrogen fraction when the hydrogen fraction is less than 10%, and it decreases with the increase of hydrogen fraction when the hydrogen fraction is larger than 10% at various injection timings.…”