Combustion Analysis of a CI Engine Performance Using Waste Cooking Biodiesel Fuel with an Artificial Neural Network Aid

Abstract

Abstract:A comprehensive combustion analysis has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a commercial DI engine, water cooled two cylinders, in-line, naturally aspirated, RD270 Ruggerini diesel engine using waste vegetable cooking oil as an alternative fuel. In order to compare the brake power and the torques values of the engine, it has been tested under same operating conditions with diesel fuel and waste cooking biodiesel fuel blends. The results were found to be very comparable. The properties of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was measured based on ASTM standards. The total sulfur content of the produced biodiesel fuel was 18 ppm which is 28 times lesser than the existing diesel fuel sulfur content used in the diesel vehicles operating in Tehran city (500 ppm). The maximum power and torque produced using diesel fuel was 18.2 kW and 64.2 Nm at 3200 and 2400 rpm respectively. By adding 20% of waste vegetable oil methyl ester, it was noticed that the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 and 2.9% respectively, also the concentration of the CO and HC emissions have significantly decreased when biodiesel was used. An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed based on the collected data of this work. Multi layer perceptron network (MLP) was used for nonlinear mapping between the input and the output parameters. Different activation functions and several rules were used to assess the percentage error between the desired and the predicted values. The results showed that the training algorithm of Back Propagation was sufficient enough in predicting the engine torque, specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas components for different engine speeds and different fuel blends ratios. It was found that the R 2 (R: the coefficient of determination) values are 0.99994, 1, 1 and 0.99998 for the engine torque, specific fuel consumption, CO and HC emissions, respectively.

Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil

“…Refaat et al (2008b) found that the difference in performance between microwave-enhanced biodiesel and petroleum diesel was not statistically significant; a slight increase in SFC was detected with biodiesel, no significant differences were observed in brake thermal efficiency and the combustion efficiency remained constant using either microwave-enhanced biodiesel or Diesel fuel. Najafi et al (2007) noticed that by adding 20 % of waste vegetable oil methyl ester to petrodiesel fuel the maximum power and torque increased by 2.7 % and 2.9 %, respectively (Najafi et al, 2007). The same results were reconfirmed in a succeeding study by the authors (Ghobadian et al, 2009).…”

“…The performance of engines fueled with biodiesel produced from waste vegetable oil was extensively covered in the literature (Dorado, 2003a;Tashtoush et al, 2003;Volmajer and Kegl, 2003;Najafi et al, 2007;Lapuerta et al, 2008;Meng et al, 2008;Refaat et al, 2008b;Utlu and Kocak, 2008;Ghobadian et al, 2009) Lapuerta et al (2008 tested two different biodiesel fuels, obtained from waste cooking oils with different previous uses in a diesel commercial engine either pure or in 30 % and 70 % v/v blends with a reference diesel fuel. The main objective of their work was to study the effect of biodiesel blends on particulate emissions, measured in terms of mass, optical effect (smoke opacity) and size distributions.…”

Brette Pearl Spar Mable (BPSM): a potential recoverable catalyst as a renewable source of biodiesel from Thevetia peruviana seed oil for the benefit of sustainable development in West Africa

“…The use of ANN for the prediction of the cetane number of biodiesel has been presented in [52]. Furthermore, a based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio CI engine, using WCO as a biodiesel at different injection times by means of ANN was examined by Shivakumara et al [53], whereas Najafi et al [54] have applied ANN in the performance and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel engine, and Najafi [55] carried out a combustion analysis of a CI Engine Performance employing waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an ANN Aid. Another application includes not only biodiesel production from soybean oil [56] and waste frying palm oil [57], but also the prediction of engine performance for an alternative fuel [58] and the simulation of biodiesel production from waste olive oil [59].…”

Energy Balance for a Diesel Engine Operates on a Pure Biodiesel, Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel-Diesel Blends

“…Most of these studies reported that engine effective power and brake thermal efficiency are lower and brake specific fuel consumption is higher for used frying oil methyl ester and its blends than diesel fuel, especially with increase of biodiesel in the blends (Canakci et al, 2009;Rao et al, 2008;Utlu and Kocak, 2008;Murillo et al, 2007;Sudhir et al, 2007;Dorado et al, 2003;Canakci and Van Gerpen, 2003;Prabhu et al, 2013). However, some studies reported that biodiesel could cause a slightly higher engine effective power than diesel fuel (Deepanraj et al, 2011;Usta et al, 2005;Najafi et al, 2007). These discrepancies can be related to the fact that, the biodiesel has different physical and chemical properties, which depends on the feedstock used to produce it, from those of diesel fuel, which cause changes in engine performance.…”