Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits

Spiesschaert, Bart; Angerer, K. Von; Park, John; Wollmann, Guido

doi:10.3390/cancers13143386

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 302 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…The multifunctional properties of oncolytic viruses in tumor therapy make them highly synergistic when used in combination with other drugs ( 153 ). Currently, a large body of evidence suggests that oncolytic virus therapy induces tumor cell death by enhancing the antigenicity of tumor cells or their susceptibility to immune cells when used in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other immunotherapies ( 154 , 155 ). Many naturally occurring viruses, such as parvovirus, measles virus, reovirus and Newcastle disease virus, exhibit a natural preference for cancer cells ( 156 ).…”

Section: Future Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review)

et al. 2023

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Cancer is the leading cause of death globally and there is a worldwide cancer epidemic. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising anticancer therapy. In particular, oncolytic viruses destroy cancer cells without destroying normal tissue via viral self-replication and anti-tumor immune responses, showing potential for cancer therapy. The present review discusses the role of the immune system in the treatment of tumor. The strategies for treating tumors are briefly introduced from aspects of active immunization and passive immunotherapy and the dendritic cell vaccines and oncolytic viruses are highlighted, as well as use of blood group A antigen in the treatment of solid tumors.

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Section: Future Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review)

et al. 2023

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“…However, the strength of immunogenic ‘hot’ property and antitumor immunity elicited by OVs may not be strong enough to eliminate the primary tumor and secondary metastasis, and thus combination with other antitumor agents deem necessary in most cases, especially for reversing the immunosuppressive nature of the TME. Many small molecules can effectively modulate immune responses and the immunosuppressive nature of the TME [ 122 , 125 , 126 ]. Some investigators consider the development of these small molecules to be the next generation of immunotherapy for cancer [ 18 , 123 ].…”

Section: Signaling Pathways Modulators and Combinations With Ovs For ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways

et al. 2022

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer, with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the clinical effectiveness of OV as monotherapy remains limited, and thus investigators have been exploring various combinations with other anti-cancer agents and demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy. As cancer cells have evolved to alter key signaling pathways for enhanced cell proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis, these cellular and molecular changes offer promising targets for rational cancer therapy design. In this regard, key molecules in relevant signaling pathways for cancer cells or/and immune cells, such as EGFR-KRAS (e.g., KRASG12C), PI3K-AKT-mTOR, ERK-MEK, JAK-STAT, p53, PD-1-PD-L1, and epigenetic, or immune pathways (e.g., histone deacetylases, cGAS-STING) are currently under investigation and have the potential to synergize with OV to modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby improving and sustaining antitumor immunity. As many small molecule modulators of these signaling pathways have been developed and have shown strong therapeutic potential, here we review key findings related to both OV-mediated immunotherapy and the utility of small molecule modulators of signaling pathways in immuno-oncology. Then, we focus on discussion of the rationales and potential strategies for combining OV with selected modulators targeting key cellular signaling pathways in cancer or/and immune cells to modulate the TME and enhance antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide perspectives and viewpoints on the application of novel experimental systems and technologies that can propel this exciting branch of medicine into a bright future.

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“…In addition, in the tumor microenvironment, there are a lot of specific cells (regulatory T-cells, M2 tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells). The effectiveness can be increased by supplementing OVs with small molecule treatment, epigenetic modulators (DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases), and miRNAs [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Oncolytic Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy

et al. 2022

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Oncolytic viruses are highly promising for cancer treatment because they target and lyse tumor cells. These genetically engineered vectors introduce therapeutic or immunostimulatory genes into the tumor. However, viral therapy is not always safe and effective. Several problems are related to oncolytic viruses’ targeted delivery to the tumor and immune system neutralization in the bloodstream. Cryoprotection and preventing viral particles from aggregating during storage are other critical issues. Aptamers, short RNA, or DNA oligonucleotides may help to crawl through this bottleneck. They are not immunogenic, are easily synthesized, can be chemically modified, and are not very demanding in storage conditions. It is possible to select an aptamer that specifically binds to any target cell, oncolytic virus, or molecule using the SELEX technology. This review comprehensively highlights the most important research and methodological approaches related to oncolytic viruses and nucleic acid aptamers. Here, we also analyze possible future research directions for combining these two methodologies to improve the effectiveness of cancer virotherapy.

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Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits

Cited by 13 publications

References 302 publications

Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review)

Immunotherapy: A new target for cancer cure (Review)

Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways

Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy

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