Combining mitochondrial and nuclear evidences: a refined evolutionary history of<i>Erebia medusa</i>(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Central Europe based on the COI gene

Hammouti, Nasera; Schmitt, Thomas; Seitz, Alfred; Kosuch, Joachim; Veith, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00544.x

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Allozyme analyses over major parts of the species’ European distribution range showed strong differentiation into a variety of different genetic lineages: three in Central and East Europe, one in the southern Alps, four or more in and around the Carpathian Basin and one with remarkable sub-structures in Bulgaria [50,51]. Analyses of the mtDNA locus COI of the samples from Central and East Europe, the southern Alps and the western Carpathian Basin strongly supported the genetic lineages detected with allozyme electrophoreses [53]. These results confirm the idea of a larger number of extra-Mediterranean Würm ice age refuge areas in Europe and not postglacial immigration to Europe out of Asiatic core areas.…”

Section: Continental Species: Less Mobile But Much More Complex and Dmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extra-Mediterranean refugia: The rule and not the exception?

2012

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Some decades ago, biogeographers distinguished three major faunal types of high importance for Europe: (i) Mediterranean elements with exclusive glacial survival in the Mediterranean refugia, (ii) Siberian elements with glacial refugia in the eastern Palearctic and only postglacial expansion to Europe and (iii) arctic and/or alpine elements with large zonal distributions in the periglacial areas and postglacial retreat to the North and/or into the high mountain systems. Genetic analyses have unravelled numerous additional refugia both of continental and Mediterranean species, thus strongly modifying the biogeographical view of Europe. This modified notion is particularly true for the so-called Siberian species, which in many cases have not immigrated into Europe during the postglacial period, but most likely have survived the last, or even several glacial phases, in extra-Mediterranean refugia in some climatically favourable but geographically limited areas of southern Central and Eastern Europe. Recently, genetic analyses revealed that typical Mediterranean species have also survived the Last Glacial Maximum in cryptic northern refugia (e.g. in the Carpathians or even north of the Alps) in addition to their Mediterranean refuge areas.

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Section: Continental Species: Less Mobile But Much More Complex and Dmentioning

confidence: 87%

Extra-Mediterranean refugia: The rule and not the exception?

2012

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“…The long-term persistence of temperate species in Northern Italy (including the Po Plain and the southern foothills of the Alps) and in the Northern Adriatic has been inferred for many amphibians and reptiles in recent phylogeographic studies based on the occurrence of divergent lineages endemic to these areas (e.g., Hyla intermedia , Pelobates fuscus , Pelophylax lessonae , Triturus carnifex , Podarcis sicula ; see [59,65]). Likewise, in the area spanning from the Eastern Alps to the South-Western Pannonian region, palaeobotanical, paleoclimatic, and genetic data indicate that temperate species such as the tree Fagus sylvatica and the butterfly Erebia medusa survived in isolated refugia during glacial periods [20,21,66,67]. Finally, a refugial area in the central Balkans and south-western Carpathians has already been suggested for many species showing high genetic diversity and distinct lineages in this area where also broad-leaved trees survived glacial periods (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence across Pleistocene ice ages in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia: phylogeographic insights from the common wall lizard

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPleistocene climatic oscillations have played a major role in structuring present-day biodiversity. The southern Mediterranean peninsulas have long been recognized as major glacial refugia, from where Northern Europe was post-glacially colonized. However, recent studies have unravelled numerous additional refugia also in northern regions. We investigated the phylogeographic pattern of the widespread Western Palaearctic lizard Podarcis muralis, using a range-wide multilocus approach, to evaluate whether it is concordant with a recent expansion from southern glacial refugia or alternatively from a combination of Mediterranean and northern refugia.ResultsWe analyzed DNA sequences of two mitochondrial (cytb and nd4) and three nuclear (acm4, mc1r, and pdc) gene fragments in individuals from 52 localities across the species range, using phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods. The complex phylogeographic pattern observed, with 23 reciprocally monophyletic allo- parapatric lineages having a Pleistocene divergence, suggests a scenario of long-term isolation in multiple ice-age refugia across the species distribution range. Multiple lineages were identified within the three Mediterranean peninsulas – Iberia, Italy and the Balkans - where the highest genetic diversity was observed. Such an unprecedented phylogeographic pattern - here called “refugia within all refugia” – compasses the classical scenario of multiple southern refugia. However, unlike the southern refugia model, various distinct lineages were also found in northern regions, suggesting that additional refugia in France, Northern Italy, Eastern Alps and Central Balkans allowed the long-term persistence of this species throughout Pleistocene glaciations.ConclusionsThe phylogeography of Podarcis muralis provides a paradigm of temperate species survival in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean glacial refugia. Such refugia acted as independent biogeographic compartments for the long-term persistence of this species, for the differentiation of its genetic lineages, and for the short-distance post-glacial re-colonization of neighbouring areas. This finding echoes previous findings from recent phylogeographic studies on species from temperate ecoregions, thus suggesting the need for a reappraisal of the role of northern refugia for glacial persistence and post-glacial assembly of Holarctic biota.

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“…E. medusa migrated from Asia to Europe with the expansion of the forests and persisted in forest-free areas. The process of colonization probably occurred from the East to the West Palearctic (Hammouti et al, 2009). E. medusa is a highly-variable species, as demonstrated by its many subspecies, or by other species which have developed from it, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the phylogenetic analysis of COI gene sequences, the sequences obtained in our study together with those of E. medusa that originated from specimens collected in the Southern Carpathians (Dinca et al, 2010), Germany (Hammouti et al, 2009), E. epipsodea from North America (Bromilow & Sperling, 2011) and those of E. oeme, E. theano, E. brimo, E. pandrose and E. pawloskii available in the GenBank database were used. For the phylogenetic analysis of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene sequences, the sequences obtained in our study together with the ND1 sequences of Erebia obtained by Martin et al (2000) (GenBank entries AF229937, AF229944, AF229953-AF229955, AF229962-AF229964, AF229968, AF229972) were used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%