Combining Enabling Techniques in Organic Synthesis: Continuous Flow Processes with Heterogenized Catalysts

Kirschning, Andreas; Solodenko, Wladimir; Mennecke, Klaas

doi:10.1002/chem.200600236

Cited by 369 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Undoubtedly, it will have a major impact on how we ''think'' and do synthesis in the future particularly when scale up by continuous operation, high temperature/high pressure synthesis as well as multistep synthesis are envisaged. Undoubtedly, this enabling technology 5 has the potential to change organic chemistry in a way chromatography did about 60 years ago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, mini (meso) flow systems have reached the research laboratories of medicinal chemists after two decades of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput synthesis with limited success in finding new pharmaceutical entities. The pharmaceutical industry still searches for new (enabling) technologies 5 to speed up the search and optimisation of new lead structures. Current applications are multistep processes and the preparation of 50 to 100 mg amount of new compounds as well as the automated sequential preparation of small building blocks or text compounds using one flow system.…”

Section: Issue 8: Flow and Photochemistry-new Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten key issues in modern flow chemistry

2011

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He studied chemistry at the Leibniz University Hannover where he received his diploma degree in 2008. He is currently performing his doctoral studies at Hannover under the supervision of Prof. Andreas Kirschning with the aid of a scholarship by the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. In 2010 he spent several months in the group of Prof. S. V. Ley at Cambridge University (UK). His research is focussed on the development of an inductively heated micro flow system for organic synthesis.A key aspect of his work is the implementation of a multistep reaction and an immobilised catalyst into micro flow systems. Sascha Ceylan (right) was born in Augsburg, Germany, in 1981 and studied chemistry at Leibniz University Hannover and at Imperial College London under the guidance of Prof. A. G. M. Barrett (UK). He received his diploma degree in 2007 and thereafter began his doctoral studies in Hannover under the supervision of Prof. A. Kirschning. Following a research stay at the University of Hong Kong (Prof. P. Toy) he received his PhD early 2011. His scientific interest focuses on developing micro flow systems, especially inductively heated reactors, and investigations on palladium catalysed Umpolung reactions. Andreas Kirschning studied chemistry at the University of Hamburg and Southampton University (UK). In Hamburg, he joined the group of Prof. E. Schaumann and received his PhD in 1989 working in the field of organosilicon chemistry. After a postdoctoral stay at the University of Washington (Seattle, USA) with Prof. H. G. Floss, supported by a Feodor-Lynen scholarship of the Alexander-von Humboldt foundation, he started his independent research at the Clausthal University of Technology in 1991, where he finished his habilitation in 1996. In 2000 he moved to the Leibniz University Hannover and became a director of the institute of organic chemistry. He is one of the editors of RO ¨MPP online, Natural Products Reports and The Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. His research interests cover structure elucidation as well as the total synthesis and mutasynthesis of natural products, biomedical biopolymers, and synthetic technology (solid-phase assisted synthesis, microreactors, inductive heating).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issue 8: Flow and Photochemistry-new Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten key issues in modern flow chemistry

2011

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“…Large pore volumes (1-2 mL/g) can be found in monolith microreactors, where the permeability is high and the fluid encounters low resistance. 63,64 For gas-liquid and liquid-liquid biphasic reaction conditions, the Hatta number (Ha) can be calculated which compares the rate of reaction in the liquid film to the rate of diffusion through the film:…”

Section: Mass Transport Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis

Noël

Hessel

2015

Organometallic Flow Chemistry

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Flow chemistry is typically used to enable challenging reactions which are difficult to carry out in conventional batch equipment. Consequently, the use of continuous-flow reactors for applications in organometallic and organic chemistry has witnessed a spectacular increase in interest from the chemistry community in the last decade. However, flow chemistry is more than just pumping reagents through a capillary and the engineering behind the observed phenomena can help to exploit the technology's full potential. Here, we give an overview of the most important engineering aspects associated with flow chemistry. This includes a discussion of mass-, heat-, and photon-transport phenomena which are relevant to carry out chemical reactions in a microreactor. Next, determination of intrinsic kinetics, automation of chemical processes, solids handling and multistep reaction sequences in flow are discussed. Safety is one of the main drivers to implement continuous-flow microreactor technology in an existing process and a brief overview is given here as well. Finally, the scale-up potential of microreactor technology is reviewed.

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“…Correspondingly, the skill set will vary from routine, repetitive, and scale‐up tasks to highly advanced multistep syntheses of complex architectures. All of this activity will only advance if new strategically important reactions and new enabling technologies are discovered 4. It is still, and will remain, a labor‐intensive practice that relies heavily on training, planning, experience, observation, and interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine‐Assisted Organic Synthesis

et al. 2015

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In this Review we describe how the advent of machines is impacting on organic synthesis programs, with particular emphasis on the practical issues associated with the design of chemical reactors. In the rapidly changing, multivariant environment of the research laboratory, equipment needs to be modular to accommodate high and low temperatures and pressures, enzymes, multiphase systems, slurries, gases, and organometallic compounds. Additional technologies have been developed to facilitate more specialized reaction techniques such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. All of these areas create both opportunities and challenges during adoption as enabling technologies.

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Combining Enabling Techniques in Organic Synthesis: Continuous Flow Processes with Heterogenized Catalysts

Cited by 369 publications

References 195 publications

Ten key issues in modern flow chemistry

Ten key issues in modern flow chemistry

Beyond Organometallic Flow Chemistry: The Principles Behind the Use of Continuous-Flow Reactors for Synthesis

Machine‐Assisted Organic Synthesis

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