Combining Diced Cartilage with Chondrocyte Spheroids in GelMA Hydrogel: An Animal Study in Diced Cartilage Grafting Technique

Jin, Mengying; Sun, Yimou; An, Yang; Wang, Guanhuier

doi:10.1007/s13770-022-00499-5

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Other similar studies were also performed using spheroids. These include chondrocyte spheroids in GelMA hydrogels, VH-spheroids for cartilage regeneration, adipose stem cell spheroids for cartilage and bone tissue engineering, cell-spheroid-based bioink, , and chondrocyte implantation with spheroid technology as an alternative to arthroscopic microfracture . Although these and other studies are considered as significant contributions to the field, the translational research requires adaptation and standardization of methodologies for spheroid biofabrication …”

Section: Challenges In the Regeneration Of Osteochondral Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Osteochondral Interface: Regenerative Engineering and Challenges

Yıldırım

Amanzhanova

Kulzhanova

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating for patients and represent a significant clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons as well as regenerative engineers due to their potential complications, which are likely to lead to osteoarthritis and related diseases. If they remain untreated or are treated suboptimally, OC lesions are known to impact the articular cartilage and the transition from cartilage to bone, that is, the cartilage−bone interface. An important component of the OC interface, that is, a selectively permeable membrane, the tidemark, still remains unaddressed in more than 90% of the published research in the past decade. This review focuses on the structure, composition, and function of the OC interface, regenerative engineering attempts with different scaffolding strategies and challenges ahead of us in recapitulating the native OC interface. There are different schools of thought regarding the structure of the native OC interface: stratified and graded. The former assumes the cartilage-to-bone interface to be hierarchically divided into distinct yet continuous zones of uncalcified cartilage−calcified cartilage−subchondral bone. The latter assumes the interface is continuously graded, that is, formed by an infinite number of layers. The cellular composition of the interface, either in respective layers or continuously changing in a graded manner, is chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and osteoblasts as moved from cartilage to bone. Functionally, the interface is assumed to play a role in enabling a smooth transition of loads exerted on the cartilage surface to the bone underneath. Regenerative engineering involves, first, a characterization of the native OC interface in terms of the composition, structure, and function, and, then, proposes the appropriate biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules either alone or in combination to eventually form a structure that mimics and functionally behaves similar to the native interface. The major challenge regarding regeneration of the OC interface appears to lie, in addition to others, in the formation of tidemark, which is a thin membrane separating the OC interface into two distinct zones: the avascular OC interface and the vascular OC interface. There is a significant amount of literature on regenerative approaches to the OC interface; however, only a small portion of them consider the importance of tidemark. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the significance of the structural organization of the components of the OC interface and increasing the awareness of the orthopedics community regarding the importance of tidemark formation after clinical interventions or regenerative engineering attempts.

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