Combining data from a multisensor tag and passive sonar to determine the diving behavior of a sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus)

Zimmer, Walter; Johnson, Mark; D’Amico, Angela; Tyack, Peter L.

doi:10.1109/joe.2002.808209

Cited by 76 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ramifications of this assumption on the derived beam pattern will be discussed in a later section. The orientation of the body axes in a georeferenced frame can be determined as a function of time, t, from the tag accelerometer and magnetometer vectors Zimmer et al, 2003). To do this, the tag measurements were first rotated to account for the orientation of the tag on the animal following the methods outlined in Johnson and Tyack (2003).…”

Section: Whale Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nosal and Frazer (2007) used sound arrival times at the AUTEC hydrophone array to estimate position, swim velocity and thereby orientation and beam pattern of vocalizing sperm whales, but this differential method requires highly precise localizations. An alternative approach, described by Zimmer et al (2003), is to make far-field array recordings of animals tagged with a sound and movement recording tag such as the DTAG . The orientation of the animal at the time of each click can be deduced from the sensors in the tag and combined with the received level at the far-field hydrophone to infer the beam pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key requirement in this approach is that of locating the animal accurately with respect to the receiving array. Zimmer et al (2003) used a linear towed array to estimate the range and bearing to a tagged sperm whale but the positional accuracy of this approach declines rapidly with range, requiring long arrays and careful maneuvering to stay close to animals. While this may be achievable with sperm whales that click about 70% of the time (Watwood et al, 2006), the long non-vocal intervals of beaked whales make close follows impractical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here the method of Zimmer et al (2003) is adapted for use with a unique PAM resource: the 82 hydrophone bottom-mounted array at AUTEC. The large aperture and spatial coverage of this array enables continuous accurate tracking of tagged animals, opening the way for measurements of source level and beam pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective beam pattern of the Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring

Shaffer

Moretti

Jarvis

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The presence of beaked whales in mass-strandings coincident with navy maneuvers has prompted the development of methods to detect these cryptic animals. Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, produce distinctive echolocation clicks during long foraging dives making passive acoustic detection a possibility. However, performance of passive acoustic monitoring depends upon the source level, beam pattern, and clicking behavior of the whales. In this study, clicks recorded from Digital acoustic Tags (DTags) attached to four M. densirostris were linked to simultaneous recordings from an 82-hydrophone bottom-mounted array to derive the source level and beam pattern of the clicks, as steps towards estimating their detectability. The mean estimated on-axis apparent source level for the four whales was 201 dB rms97 . The mean 3 dB beamwidth and directivity index, estimated from sequences of clicks directed towards the far-field hydrophones, were 13 and 23 dB, respectively. While searching for prey, Blainville's beaked whales scan their heads horizontally at a mean rate of 3.6 /s over an angular range of some þ/À10 . Thus, while the DI indicates a narrow beam, the area of ensonification over a complete foraging dive is large given the combined effects of body and head movements associated with foraging.

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Section: Whale Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effective beam pattern of the Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring

Shaffer

Moretti

Jarvis

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Sperm whales produce regular clicks (called 'usual' clicks by Whitehead & Weilgart (1990)) at inter-click intervals of 0.5-2.0 s during descent from the surface ( Jaquet et al 2001;Zimmer et al 2003), until the whale begins its ascent to the surface (Madsen et al 2002a). There is growing evidence that regular clicks produced during foraging dives are directional, with an intense, forward-directed beam (Møhl et al 2000;Madsen et al 2002a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes ‘creaks’ in prey capture

Miller

Johnson

Tyack

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

260

317

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During foraging dives, sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) produce long series of regular clicks at 0.5-2 s intervals interspersed with rapid-click buzzes called 'creaks'. Sound, depth and orientation recording Dtags were attached to 23 whales in the Ligurian Sea and Gulf of Mexico to test whether the behaviour of diving sperm whales supports the hypothesis that creaks are produced during prey capture. Sperm whales spent most of their bottom time within one or two depth bands, apparently feeding in vertically stratified prey layers. Creak rates were highest during the bottom phase: 99.8% of creaks were produced in the deepest 50% of dives, 57% in the deepest 15% of dives. Whales swam actively during the bottom phase, producing a mean of 12.5 depth inflections per dive. A mean of 32% of creaks produced during the bottom phase occurred within 10 s of an inflection (13Â more than chance). Sperm whales actively altered their body orientation throughout the bottom phase with significantly increased rates of change during creaks, reflecting increased manoeuvring. Sperm whales increased their bottom foraging time when creak rates were higher. These results all strongly support the hypothesis that creaks are an echolocation signal adapted for foraging, analogous to terminal buzzes in taxonomically diverse echolocating species.

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Sperm whale dive behavior characteristics derived from intermediate‐duration archival tag data

Irvine

Palacios

Urbán

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Here, we describe the diving behavior of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) using the Advanced Dive Behavior (ADB) tag, which records depth data at 1‐Hz resolution and GPS‐quality locations for over 1 month, before releasing from the whale for recovery. A total of 27 ADB tags were deployed on sperm whales in the central Gulf of California, Mexico, during spring 2007 and 2008, of which 10 were recovered for data download. Tracking durations of all tags ranged from 0 to 34.5 days (median = 2.3 days), and 0.6 to 26.6 days (median = 5.0 days) for recovered tags. Recovered tags recorded a median of 50.8 GPS‐quality locations and 42.6 dives per day. Dive summary metrics were generated for archived dives and were subsequently classified into six categories using hierarchical cluster analysis. A mean of 77% of archived dives per individual were one of four dive categories with median Maximum Dive Depth >290 m (V‐shaped, Mid‐water, Benthic, or Variable), likely associated with foraging. Median Maximum Dive Depth was <30 m for the other two categories (Short‐ and Long‐duration shallow dives), likely representing socializing or resting behavior. Most tagged whales remained near the tagging area during the tracking period, but one moved north of Isla Tiburón, where it appeared to regularly dive to, and travel along the seafloor. Three whales were tagged on the same day in 2007 and subsequently traveled in close proximity (<1 km) for 2 days. During this period, the depth and timing of their dives were not coordinated, suggesting they were foraging on a vertically heterogeneous prey field. The multiweek dive records produced by ADB tags enabled us to generate a robust characterization of the diving behavior, activity budget, and individual variation for an important predator of the mesopelagos over temporal and spatial scales not previously possible.

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Combining data from a multisensor tag and passive sonar to determine the diving behavior of a sperm whale (physeter macrocephalus)

Cited by 76 publications

References 22 publications

Effective beam pattern of the Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring

Effective beam pattern of the Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring

Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes ‘creaks’ in prey capture

Sperm whale dive behavior characteristics derived from intermediate‐duration archival tag data

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