Combining cluster surveys to estimate vaccination coverage: Experiences from Nigeria’s multiple indicator cluster survey / national immunization coverage survey (MICS/NICS), 2016–17

Rhoda, Dale A.; Wagai, John; Beshanski-Pedersen, Bo Robert; Yusafari, Yusuf; Sequeira, Jenny; Hayford, Kyla; Brown, David W.; Danovaro-Holliday, M. Carolina; Braka, Fiona; Ali, Daniel Ayalew; Shuaib, Faisal; Okposen, Bassey; Nwaze, Eric; Olarewaju, Isiaka; Adeniran, Adeyemi; Kassogue, Modibo; Jobin, Denis; Ryman, Tove K.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.058

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The 2018 WHO coverage survey manual [9] recommends that before launching a survey only for vaccination, national immunization program (NIP) managers should determine whether another high-quality household survey is being planned within the desired time frame and whether that sample would be appropriate for their needs. In 2015, the Government of Nigeria and UNICEF were planning a MICS hence it was decided to incorporate the NICS in the MICS [26]. The primary objective of NICS was to assess national and state levels of RI coverage for the "traditional vaccine doses"-one dose of BCG vaccine, three doses of DTP (in this instance, represented by pentavalent or "penta" vaccine), three doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and one dose of measles containing vaccine (MCV)-as well as yellow fever, hepatitis B birth dose and vitamin A supplements.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria

Wagai

Rhoda²,

Prier³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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In 2015, the World Health Organization substantially revised its guidance for vaccination coverage cluster surveys (revisions were finalized in 2018) and has since developed a set of accompanying resources, including definitions for standardized coverage indicators and software (named the Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators—VCQI) to calculate them.–The current WHO vaccination coverage survey manual was used to design and conduct two nationally representative vaccination coverage surveys in Nigeria–one to assess routine immunization and one to measure post-measles campaign coverage. The primary analysis for both surveys was conducted using VCQI. In this paper, we describe those surveys and highlight some of the analyses that are facilitated by the new resources. In addition to calculating coverage of each vaccine-dose by age group, VCQI analyses provide insight into several indicators of program quality such as crude coverage versus valid doses, vaccination timeliness, missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination, and, where relevant, vaccination campaign coverage stratified by several parameters, including the number of previous doses received. The VCQI software furnishes several helpful ways to visualize survey results. We show that routine coverage of all vaccines is far below targets in Nigeria and especially low in northeast and northwest zones, which also have highest rates of dropout and missed opportunities for vaccination. Coverage in the 2017 measles campaign was higher and showed less geospatial variation than routine coverage. Nonetheless, substantial improvement in both routine program performance and campaign implementation will be needed to achieve disease control goals.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria

Wagai

Rhoda²,

Prier³

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

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“…The precision of a cluster survey outcome is impossible to predict accurately because the observed values of the parameters that affect it (estimated coverage, number of respondents per cluster, intracluster correlation coefficient, and coefficient of variation of the survey weights) are not known when the sample size calculation is conducted. 11 Before the survey, administrative data were used to classify each district as either (1) likely to have 80% or more children fully vaccinated or (2) likely to have fewer than 80% of children fully vaccinated. Districts likely to have high coverage were allocated 49 primary sampling units (PSUs or clusters) each, and those likely to have lower coverage were allocated 64 clusters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Hussain

Khan

Rhoda³

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Immunization is one of the most successful public health interventions available, saving millions of lives from death and disability each year. Therefore, improving immunization coverage is a high priority for the Government of Pakistan and essential to progress toward universal health coverage. This survey reports the national and provincial/regional coverage and determinants of fully, partially, and not-vaccinated children 12–23 months of age, antigen-wise coverage, percentage of home-based vaccination records (HBR) retention, and reasons for nonretention; dropout, timeliness, and prevalence of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination (MOSV). Methods: The survey was a descriptive cross-sectional national household survey carried out across Pakistan. The survey included 110,790 children 12–23 months old and their caregivers. A World Health Organization (WHO)—Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Survey questionnaire was adapted to collect information. Data were analyzed using the WHO Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators (VCQI) software and Stata version 17. Results: Nationally excluding Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB), the coverage of fully vaccinated children was 76.5%. The likelihood of being fully vaccinated was higher among children of educated parents who belonged to higher wealth quintiles and resided in any province/region other than Balochistan. The main reasons for unimmunization were no faith in immunization, rumors about vaccines, and distance to the facility. About two-thirds (66.2%) of the children had their HBR available, and the main reasons for not having a card were never visiting a health facility and having no awareness about the importance of a card. Dropout was discernible for later doses of vaccines compared with earlier ones. Higher proportions of children received the last doses late by more than two months. Of the 218,002 vaccination visits documented on HBR in the provinces, MOSVs occurred in 17.6% of the visits. Conclusion: The immunization coverage rates provide a direction to strategize the progress to improve the vaccination rates in Pakistan. The country needs to outline the immediate and long-term actions to combat vaccine-preventable diseases, such as escalating integrated immunization campaigns and outreach activities, provision of mobility support, and deploying behavioral interventions as a cross-cutting strategy to improve awareness and reduce misconceptions.

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“…Similarly, it was reported that there was an increase in the rates of underweight among children in Abia, Ebony, Bayelsa, Benue, Delta, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Ogun, Ondo, Plateau, Rivers and Yobe (Nutrition and Health Situation Nigeria, 2018;Gayawan, Adebayo, Komolafe&Akomolafe, 2019). Studies also reported that the prevalence of underweight and stunting in Ogun State is 20.4% and 29.6% respectively among under-2 children compared to Oyo that shares boundary with Ogun State which is at 23% and 12.9% respectively (Otekunrin, Otekunrin, Sawicka&Ayinde, 2020;Rhoda, Wagai, Beshanski-Pedersen, Yusafari, Sequeira, Hayford et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Nutritional Practices Among Mothers with Under-Five Children is Paramount in Curbing the High Rate of Morbidities and Mortalities among Under-Five Children

Dolapo¹,

Olanreqaju²

2021

African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery

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Nutritional outcomes among under-five children in Nigeria are among the worst globally. Therefore, this study investigated the determinants of nutritional practices among mothers with under-five children attending selected primary health centers in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. A A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 419 mothers of under-five children attending primary health centres in Abeokuta, Ogun State. All the Research questions and hypothesis were formulated and were tested using the SPSS version 27 to compute descriptive and inferential statistics which were tested at a 5% level of confidence. The result indicated that mean age of respondents in this study was 28.48 ± 5.811years with participants between the ages of 27-35 (44.6%) were the highest. High level of knowledge regarding under-five nutrition was measured on a 21-points rating scale showed a mean score of 12.65±3.61. There was good level of nutritional practices which was measured on a 17-points rating scale showed a mean score of 11.06±2.26. There was a significant difference between level of education of mother and their nutritional practice (P=0.000), there is a significant correlation between respondents’ level of knowledge (r=0.256; p=0.000). In conclusion, the study established that there is good level of knowledge of under-five nutrition; there was poor support and good level of nutritional practice. The study recommended that continued training and re-training is very important for mothers of under-five children. There is also need for active involvement of the media in dissemination of nutritional benefits of under-five children.

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Combining cluster surveys to estimate vaccination coverage: Experiences from Nigeria’s multiple indicator cluster survey / national immunization coverage survey (MICS/NICS), 2016–17

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria

Implementing WHO guidance on conducting and analysing vaccination coverage cluster surveys: Two examples from Nigeria

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Determinants of Nutritional Practices Among Mothers with Under-Five Children is Paramount in Curbing the High Rate of Morbidities and Mortalities among Under-Five Children

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