Combining anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction in the conversion of dairy waste into energy: A techno economic model for New York state

Retrofitting Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities toward a Greener and Circular Economy by Virtue of Resource Recovery: Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment

“…Note that the drying process ahead of thermochemical conversion processes can be heated by the retrieved thermal energy from the ETER, and the CO 2 -rich gas phase from the thermochemical conversion technologies can be fed back to the P2G unit to facilitate the biomethane generation. Coupling HTL with anaerobic digestion is another promising integration that maximizes the biogas generation either by feeding the HTL aqueous product as a substrate for a secondary UASB or introducing the anaerobic digestate to the HTL reactor. , …”

“…However, pyrolysis involves an energy-intensive drying process. HTL, as an emerging thermochemical technology, can treat feedstock with high moisture content directly due to the use of water as the medium and thus has been gaining increasing attention in both academia and industries. ,,, Recent studies have illustrated the applicability of thermochemical conversion technologies in treating organic wastes, including dairy waste-to-energy, sewer sludge conversion, poultry litter valorization, ,,− and food waste. , These technologies provide promising options to recover energy and mitigate environmental impacts from biomass wastes and can be extrapolated to the upcycling of biosolids generated at the WWTF. However, there is no publication comparatively analyzing the thermochemical technologies in the context of sewer processing network design in WWTFs from a systematic life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) perspective.…”

“…HTL, as an emerging thermochemical technology, can treat feedstock with high moisture content directly due to the use of water as the medium and thus has been gaining increasing attention in both academia and industries. 18,22,36,37 Recent studies have illustrated the applicability of thermochemical conversion technologies in treating organic wastes, including dairy waste-to-energy, 38 sewer sludge conversion, 37 poultry litter valorization, 20,27,39−42 and food waste. 21,43 These technologies provide promising options to recover energy and mitigate environmental impacts from biomass wastes and can be extrapolated to the upcycling of biosolids generated at the WWTF.…”

“…Coupling HTL with anaerobic digestion is another promising integration that maximizes the biogas generation either by feeding the HTL aqueous product as a substrate for a secondary UASB or introducing the anaerobic digestate to the HTL reactor. 31,38…”

Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure

“…To couple these processes, new technologies for recycling dairy waste products back into crop nutrient inputs are necessary.While direct manure spreading has been the most common means of disposal and re-use of dairy waste, such practices can result in transport of N and P into waterways 9,10 , as nutrients from manure often exceed the agronomic demand 11 . Furthermore, manure storage for future manure application produces notable quantities of methane, a known greenhouse gas 5,12 . Moreover, long-distance transport of dairy manure for land application also has a number of drawbacks such as the spreading of pathogens 13 and costs associated with transporting a material with a water content of > 70% 14 .…”