Combining Ability and Heterosis over Environments for Stalk and Sugar Related Traits in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)

Umakanth, A. V.; Patil, J. V.; Rani, C. Indu; Gadakh, S. R.; Kumar, Sushil; Rao, Srinath; Kotasthane, Tanmay

doi:10.1007/s12355-012-0166-9

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Of 20 hybrids studied by Pothisoong and Jaisil (2011) in Thailand, positive heterosis for juice dissolved solids was detected for only three hybrids, and the highest value was only 7.6%, while many more crosses showed negative heterosis. Similarly, negative HPH for juice dissolved solids was reported by Umakanth et al (2012) for 12 of the 16 hybrids in that study, with only 1 hybrid showing positive MPH of 9%. It is unclear why positive heterosis for juice dissolved solids is relatively rare in hybrid sweet sorghum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Heterosis and Combining Ability of F₁ Hybrid Sweet Sorghum in Thailand

et al. 2015

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Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a sugar‐based biofuel crop that is well‐suited to tropical environments. Most sweet sorghum cultivars are open‐pollinated, but hybrids could offer yield and seed production advantages. Fifteen hybrids were generated among five female and three male parents. The hybrids, parents, and three inbred checks were evaluated for sugar yield and related traits under two environments in Thailand in 2013: Field Crop Research Station at Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, and National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima. Theoretical sugar yield was positively correlated with juice dissolved solids (Brix), plant height, stalk diameter, biomass yield, stripped stalk yield, and theoretical juice yield. Grain yield was negatively correlated with juice dissolved solids and theoretical sugar yield. Positive heterosis for juice dissolved solids was not observed, though five hybrids had negative mid‐parent heterosis for this trait. Positive heterosis for biomass yield, theoretical juice yield, and grain yield was observed in some hybrids. General combining ability was observed for most traits, but specific combining ability (SCA) effects were of greater importance. Overall, the hybrids KKA‐11 × BJ248, KKA‐11 × KKU40, KKA‐139 × BJ248, KKA‐14 × KKU40, and KKA‐53 × Theis had the greatest SCA for theoretical sugar yield. In producing ethanol from both sugar and grain fractions, two of the hybrids in this study (KKA‐11 × BJ248 and KKA‐139 × BJ248) could produce approximately 4600 L ha−1 ethanol in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…negative HPH for juice dissolved solids was reported by Umakanth et al (2012) for 12 of the 16 hybrids in that study, with only 1 hybrid showing positive MPH of 9%. It is unclear why positive heterosis for juice dissolved solids is relatively rare in hybrid sweet sorghum.…”

Section: Days To Floweringmentioning

confidence: 65%

Heterosis and Combining Ability of F₁ Hybrid Sweet Sorghum in Thailand

et al. 2015

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“…Wray (Broadhead et al 1981), Keller (Broadhead 1982), etc.]. In fact, previous inheritance studies indicate additive gene action for brix suggesting this trait can be improved through breeding (Umakanth et al 2012). In this regard, the high brix accessions identified herein originally from Ethiopia, Sudan, Zimbabwe, South Africa and USA, also include the sorghum race Durra, Guinea, and Kafir-bicolor, thus, it is highly probable that they should enclose different genes/alleles for brix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The sugar content of the juice extracted from the stalks of sweet sorghum can range from 5 to 23 % (Saballos 2008). The production of fermentable sugars vary between varieties and across environments (Olweny et al 2013) and breeding programs are underway to develop new varieties (Umakanth et al 2012;Olweny et al 2013;Rooney et al 2007). The genetic diversity present in the NPGS sweet sorghum germplasm collection is crucial for the development and improvement of biofuel breeding programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, the Tanzanian accession PI 156424 was resistant to both diseases, but its brix and DNS values were among the lowest. Olweny et al (2013) and Umakanth et al (2012) reported positive general combining ability (GCA) for the brix trait indicating additive gene action that would suggest the trait can be improved with breeding and selection. Thus, accessions with lower brix values, but having other desirable traits should be considered in breeding programs to increase genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tapping the US Sweet Sorghum Collection to Identify Biofuel Germplasm

Cuevas¹,

Prom

Erpelding

2014

Sugar Tech

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The narrow genetic base in sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeding programs is limiting the development of new varieties for biofuel production. Therefore, the identification of genetically diverse sweet sorghum germplasm in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) collection is imperative for biofuel breeding programs as biofuel production expands to new regions. Nine-hundred twenty-five sweet sorghum accessions from the NPGS collection were agronomically evaluated and a subset of 56 accessions selected for further evaluation. A 2 year replicated trial of this subset together with 17 U.S. sweet sorghum varieties were evaluated for agronomic and biofuel traits flowering time, plant height, fresh and dry weight, brix, juice volume, percent of moisture, and fermentable sugars [dinitrosalicylic (DNS) method] and disease response [anthracnose (Colletotricum sublineolum) and rust (Purcina purpurea)]. Nine accessions from the NPGS collection originally from South Africa, Ethiopia, Sudan, Zimbabwe, and the U.S. showed brix values ranging from 10 to 14, with five accessions having a higher amount of fermentable sugars than U.S. references accessions (DNS = 9.86-11.42). Likewise, the total dry matter content of three accessions originally from Ethiopia and U.S. were higher than the U.S. reference accessions ([156.87 g/plant). Multiple new sources of anthracnose and rust resistance were identified; being PI 156424 from Tanzania resistant to both diseases. The results demonstrated that accessions in the NPGS sorghum collection enclose valuable genes/alleles for biofuel traits that are not being used in U.S. biofuel breeding programs. Thus, the integration of these accessions into these programs will aid to increase genetic diversity and development of new biofuel varieties.

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