Combining Ability and Heterosis for Some Yield Component Traits in a 10x10 Diallel Cross of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

A ten – parent diallel experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farms of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to estimate combining ability and heterosis in rice. The design was a 10x10 alpha lattice with three replications and data was collected on plant height (PH), tiller numbers/plant (TN), leaf length (LL) and width (LW), days to flowering (DF), panicle length (PL), panicle exsertion (PE), spikelet numbers/panicle (SN), 100 seed weight (100SW) and days to maturity(DM). A preponderance of both additive and non – additive gene action with both negative and positive GCA, SCA and % heterosis was observed in the control of yield component traits in the studied rice varieties and their hybrids. Non – additive variance was higher, except for DF, SN and DM where additive variance was higher compared to non – additivity. Six parents, namely MGD 101, FARO 44, FARO 52, FARO 57, STRASSA 58 and IR 72 recorded the highest GCA values for most of the traits and the least values in terms of days to flowering and maturity. These parents were the most frequent in crosses with the highest SCA effects and % heterosis for Tiller number, Leaf length, leaf width, panicle length and Spikelet numbers/panicle. Crosses involving these six parents also recorded the least SCA effects and % heterosis for days to flowering and maturity. Based on the results of GCA, SCA and % heterosis, backcross breeding of F1s to their respective parents (the six parents), was recommended for improvement of yield component traits.

Gene Action and Genetic Improvement of Parental Lines in Hybrid Rice for Developing New Hybrids

“…Therefore, the former genotypes can be used in the hybrid rice breeding program and the rice breeding program as good combiners and donors for heavier grain weight. These findings were agreed with those obtained by Awad-Allah 12 , Sari et al 25 , Vange et al 26 and Rasheed et al 27 . Grain yield per plant data showed that the parental varieties Giza 178 R (4.7) and BR 7414-22-1 (2.8) gave positive highly significant (desirable) values of general combining ability (GCA) effects.…”

“…The highest values were shown in the crosses, IR 58025 B/G 46 B (76.2), Ghaiya/Sakha 101 (65.7), BR 7414-22-1/Sakha 101 (55.0), BR 7414-22-1/IR 58025 B (30.2) and IR 69625 B/Ghaiya (30.0). These results are similar to the results obtained by Cui et al 24 , Sari et al 25 , Vange et al 26 and Rasheed et al 27 . Concerning the number of filled grains/panicle, data in Table 8 showed that nine crosses showed significant and highly significant positive values of SCA effects.…”

“…of days to 50% heading, data revealed that 13 crosses showed highly significant negative values of SCA effects. The highest significant negative values were shown in the cross combinations, Ghaiya/Giza 178 R (-13.4), IR 69625 B/BR 7414-22-1 (-9.9) and BR 7414-22-1/IR 58025 B (-9.7), these results were agreed with those obtained by Dwivedi and Pandey 19 , Awad-Allah 12 , Vange et al 26 and Singh et al 23 . Concerning plant height, the results showed that nine crosses showed significant and highly significant negative values of SCA effects.…”

“…It could be concluded that selection procedures based on the accumulation of additive effect would be successful in improving these traits. The importance of additive genetic variances have been reported by Awad-Allah 12 , Kumar et al 20 , Akanksha and Jaiswal 21 , Singh et al 23 , Cui et al 24 , Sari et al 25 , Vange et al 26 and Rasheed et al 27 . Therefore, the selection procedures based on the accumulation of additive effect would be successful in improving grain yield and agronomic traits, Bano and Singh 10 , Awad-Allah 12 and Singh et al 23 .…”

Assessment of Combining ability for some Grain Yield and Quality Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by using Griffing Method and Biplot Analysis

“…On the contrary, nine hybrids had significantly negative heterosis. For grain yield, eight hybrids had positive significant heterosis Similar results were obtained by Sarker et al, 2002;Gnansekaran et al (2006) and Vange et al (2020) Concerning milling recovery characters, only one cross showed significant and positive best-parent heterosis for hulling% and head rice% (Giza 178 x IET1444 and Sakha 105x Giza 178), respectively. Meanwhile, Sakha 105x Sakha 106 gave positive best-parent heterosis for gelatinization temperature.…”