Combining 2D and 3D Characterization Techniques for Determining Effects of HIP Rejuvenation After Fatigue Testing of SX Microstructures

Abstract

A hot isostatic pressing rejuvenation heat treatment is applied to a CMSX-4 type SX superalloy after it has been subjected to a low-cycle fatigue test to rupture. The evolution of microstructural defects, such as pores and cracks which are present after fatigue, has been tracked in 3D by X-ray tomography before and after rejuvenation. From the rejuvenated specimen, series of metallographic cross sections were prepared and investigated by scanning electron microscopy for getting complementary 2D information at high resolution. The micrographs were stitched to a panorama which was then matched into the 3D representation of the specimen volume. By combining 3D and 2D data, statistical volume-related quantities were achieved, while detailed characteristics have been assigned to individual defects present in the 2D panorama micrograph. This technique is in general appropriate for length-scale bridging microstructural investigations. Results of the performed investigations concerning the rejuvenation effect on the microstructure are presented and discussed.

3D phase-field simulations to machine-learn 3D information from 2D micrographs

“…However, such methods require unbiased sampling of the specimen, which means either the microstructure is homogenous or enough samples are provided [16]. Apparently, the periodical microstructure possesses by Ni-base SXs is not able to fulfill the former criterion, especially when the precipitates coarsen heterogeneously during creep; the latter criterion can be reached by serial sectioning [17], nevertheless it is extremely expensive and labor-intensive. Modification such as considering the geometry relationship had also been made [18] but only applies to initial states of creep because a cuboidal shape of precipitates is required.…”