Combined vapor and chemical explosions of metals and water

Cho, D.H.; Armstrong, D.R.; Anderson, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/0029-5493(94)00885-3

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…So the impact of water on the ignition step could not be reduced to the study of the flammability of hydrogen, but the ignitability of the whole hybrid mixture hydrogen/aluminum should be considered. Previous studies have demonstrated that such mixtures could induce significant changes in the combustion kinetics; which would be difficult to represent based on classical kinetics laws of the chemical reaction (Cho, Armstrong, & Anderson, 1995;Dufaud, Perrin, & Traoré , 2008).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and modelling of aluminum dusts explosions in the 20 L sphere

Dufaud

Traoré

Praly

et al. 2010

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

117

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation and modelling of aluminum dusts explosions in the 20 L sphere

Dufaud

Traoré

Praly

et al. 2010

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

117

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“…A series of experiments were carried out at various laboratories across the globe as reviewed by [4] [11] [12]. [13] studied the effect of metallic melt on steam explosion behaviour. Similar program called MISTEE (Micro-Interactions in Steam Explosion Experiments) was carried out at KTH, Stockholm [1].…”

Section: ) Expansion Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on Fuel Coolant Interaction Using Simulant Ceramic Melts in Water: Insights and Conclusions

Singh¹,

Nayak²,

Kulkarni³

2020

WJNST

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Steam explosion is one of the crucial and poorly understood phenomena which may occur during severe accident scenario and may lead to containment failure. In spite of several experimental and analytical studies, the root cause of steam explosion has not been understood. Recent claims in the literature suggest that the presence of fine fragmentation during steam explosion causes its occurrence. In order to investigate this and understand the root cause of steam explosion, series of experiments were performed with 50 g to 2500 g of CaO-B 2 O 3 , a corium simulant in 4.5 litre of water. It was observed that steam explosion may occur even in the absence of fine fragments, which is contrary to the claims in the literature. To investigate further, conversion efficiency analysis was performed. This suggested that the amount of thermal energy converted to mechanical energy is more important deciding factor in explaining the occurrence of steam explosion. The present study discusses the importance of conversion efficiency in deciding steam explosion and also gives a new perspective to look at steam explosion phenomenology.

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“…In the instances where a chemical reaction between the water vapor and molten melt (e.g., Al, Li, Zr) is thermodynamically favorable, the rapid surface area enhancement from fragmentation may serve as a mechanical "catalyst", creating the opportunity for positive feedback with the exothermic oxidation reaction. Several cases of energetic, actively triggered, thermal-chemical explosions have been observed in aluminum-water systems [13][14][15]. These interactions are extremely violent, and often accompanied with extremely bright emissions of light and explosive production of large quantities of hydrogen gas as a result of achieving chemical ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Chemically Assisted Melt–Water Explosive Interactions

Sansone

Taleyarkhan

2017

Journal of Heat Transfer

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This paper investigates avenues for controlled initiation and augmentation of the mechanical and thermal energetic output of shock-triggered vapor explosions (VEs) with Al–GaInSn alloys; furthermore, enabling a means for impulsive hydrogen gas generation within milliseconds. Using a submerged electronic bridgewire detonator or rifle primer caps as the shock trigger for VE initiation, experiments were conducted with 10 g melt drops at initial temperature between 930 K and 1100 K, aluminum mass contents between 0.3 wt.% and 20 wt.%, and water temperatures between 293 K and 313 K. It was found that combined thermal–chemical Al–GaInSn–H2O explosive interactions can readily be controllably induced via shocks and are of greater intensity than the pure (spontaneous) thermally driven explosions observed with unalloyed Sn and GaInSn. Shock pressures up to 5 MPa were recorded about 10 cm from the explosion zone; a factor of 5 higher than the ∼1 MPa over pressures generated from spontaneous GaInSn–H2O explosions reported in our previous study. Al–GaInSn–H2O explosive interactions also exhibited rapid enhancements to the “impulse” H2 production rate. Hydrogen/vapor bubble volumes up to 460 ml were observed approximately 4 ms after the explosion, equating to a mechanical work and instantaneous power output of 47 J and 11.75 kW, respectively. In comparison with available, analogous, triggered-explosion studies with Al melt drops, our Al–GaInSn alloy melt at 1073 K generated up to 18 times (∼2000%) more hydrogen per gram of aluminum when compared with experiments with molten Al at a much higher melt temperature of 1243 K.

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Combined vapor and chemical explosions of metals and water

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Experimental investigation and modelling of aluminum dusts explosions in the 20 L sphere

Experimental investigation and modelling of aluminum dusts explosions in the 20 L sphere

Experimental Investigation on Fuel Coolant Interaction Using Simulant Ceramic Melts in Water: Insights and Conclusions

Intensification of Chemically Assisted Melt–Water Explosive Interactions

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