Combined Use of Reducing Agents and Biodegradable Chelating Agent for Iron Rust Removal

Nakamura, Tatsuya; Tsukizawa, Toru; Oya, Masaru

doi:10.5650/jos.ess21297

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The cloths and soiling liquid were placed in a sealed bottle and stirred with a shaker. Water-scale stain models 38) and iron rust stain models 39,40) can be used to evaluate the performance of various acids and reducing agents.…”

Section: Improvement Of the Cleaning Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cleaning Power Using New Cleaning Kinetics and Interfacial Science Studies on Aquatic Toxicity of Surfactants

Oya

2024

J. Oleo Sci.

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Studies devised through the fusion of cleaning and environmental sciences can be summarized as follows: new cleaning kinetics applying a probability density function and a surface chemical approach to the aquatic toxicity of surfactants. Cleaning power analysis using the probability density functional method combines conventional cleaning kinetics using a first-order reaction equation with a risk analysis method using a probability density function. It is possible to analyze the cleaning mechanism from the obtained parameter values. It is also possible to determine whether the interaction between two different cleaning elements corresponds to a synergistic, additive, or offsetting effect. Studies on the aquatic toxicity of surfactants have focused on the surface tension at which surfactants exhibit toxicity, changes in toxicity due to water quality, and biodegradation, and the presence of adsorbed substances have been identified.

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Section: Improvement Of the Cleaning Test Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cleaning Power Using New Cleaning Kinetics and Interfacial Science Studies on Aquatic Toxicity of Surfactants

Oya

2024

J. Oleo Sci.

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“…Unlike EDTA, this chelating agent is highly selective towards heavy metal ions over calcium ones, making it less aggressive to carbonate stone substrates [ 23 ]. Another alternative is the biodegradable tetrasodium 3-hydroxy-2,2′-iminodisuccinate (HIDS), which has been shown to be effective in removing rust stains from cotton fabrics when combined with sodium dithionite as a reducing agent [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Chitosan-Carboxylic Acid Hydrogels in Reducing and Chelating Iron for the Removal of Rust from Stone Surface

Gabriele,

Casieri,

Spreti

2024

Gels

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In the field of stone conservation, the removal of iron stains is one of the most challenging issues due to the stability and low solubility of the ferrous species. In the present paper, three different chitosan-based hydrogels added with acetic, oxalic or citric acids are applied on different lithotypes, i.e., granite, travertine and marble, widely diffused in monumental heritages, and artificially stained by deposition of a rust dispersion. The reducing power of carboxylic acids is combined with the good chelating properties of chitosan to effectively remove rust from stone surfaces. As evidenced by colorimetry on three samples of each lithotype and confirmed by 1H-NMR relaxometry and SEM/EDS analyses, the chitosan-oxalic acid hydrogel shows the best performance and a single application of 24 h is enough to get a good restoration of the stone original features. Lastly, the chitosan-oxalic acid hydrogel performs well when a rusted iron grid is placed directly on the lithic surfaces to simulate a more realistic pollution. Current work in progress is devoted to finding better formulations for marble, which is the most challenging to clean or, with a different approach, to developing protective agents to prevent rust deposition.

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The Chemistry of Chelation for Built Heritage Cleaning: The Removal of Copper and Iron Stains

Canevali,

Sansonetti,

Rampazzi

et al. 2024

ChemPlusChem

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Chelators are widely used in conservation treatments to remove metal stains from marble, travertine, and limestone surfaces. In the current review the chemical aspects underlying the use of chelators for the removal of copper and iron stains from built heritage are described and clear criteria for the selection of the most efficient stain removal treatment are given. The main chelator structural features are outlined and the operating conditions for effective metal stain removal (pH, time of application, etc.) discussed, with a particular emphasis on the ability to form stable metal complexes, the high selectivity towards the metal that should be removed, and the high sustainability for the environment. Dense matrices often host chelators for higher effectiveness, and further research is required to clarify their role in the cleaning process. Then, relevant case studies of copper and iron stain removal are discussed. On these bases, the most effective chelators for copper and stain removal are indicated, providing chemists and conservation scientists with scientific support for conservation operations on stone works of art and opening the way to the synthesis of new chelators.

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Combined Use of Reducing Agents and Biodegradable Chelating Agent for Iron Rust Removal

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Analysis of Cleaning Power Using New Cleaning Kinetics and Interfacial Science Studies on Aquatic Toxicity of Surfactants

Analysis of Cleaning Power Using New Cleaning Kinetics and Interfacial Science Studies on Aquatic Toxicity of Surfactants

Efficacy of Chitosan-Carboxylic Acid Hydrogels in Reducing and Chelating Iron for the Removal of Rust from Stone Surface

The Chemistry of Chelation for Built Heritage Cleaning: The Removal of Copper and Iron Stains

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