Combined Use of Cocaine with Alcohol or Cigarettes

Wiseman, Eve J.; McMillan, D. E.

doi:10.3109/00952999609001682

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, interpretation of our results to the general population of cocainedependent individuals requires caution. Of particular concern with regard to cognitive functioning is the high prevalence of comorbid alcohol dependence among those with cocaine use disorders, which is estimated to be at least 50% (e.g., Higgins, Budney, Bickel, Foerg, & Badger, 1994;Wiseman & McMillan, 1996). It is also well known that the contemporaneous use of alcohol and cocaine results in the formation of cocaethelyene, which has greater than additive immediate effects on psychological and physiological functioning.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measures of cognitive functioning as predictors of treatment outcome for cocaine dependence

Turner

LaRowe

Horner

et al. 2009

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measures of cognitive functioning as predictors of treatment outcome for cocaine dependence

Turner

LaRowe

Horner

et al. 2009

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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“…10 Cigarettes and cocaine are often used in close temporal proximity. 11 Smoked cocaine and cigarettes share common discriminative stimuli (eg, lighters, smoke). Substance-related cues play a critical role in drug use and relapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Marks

Alcorn

Stoops

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking in cocaine users is nearly four times higher than the national prevalence and cocaine use increases cigarette smoking. The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoking in cocaine-using individuals need to be identified to promote cigarette and cocaine abstinence. Previous studies have examined the salience of cigarette and cocaine cues separately. The present aim was to determine whether cigarette attentional bias (AB) is higher in cigarettes smokers who smoke cocaine relative to individuals who only smoke cigarettes. Methods: Twenty cigarette smokers who smoke cocaine and 20 non-cocaine-using cigarette smokers completed a visual probe task with eye-tracking technology. During this task, the magnitude of cigarette and cocaine AB was assessed through orienting bias, fixation time, and response time. Results: Cocaine users displayed an orienting bias towards cigarette cues. Cocaine users also endorsed a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect associated with cigarette craving than non-cocaine users (g = 0.6). Neither group displayed a cigarette AB, as measured by fixation time. Cocaine users, but not non-cocaine users, displayed a cocaine AB as measured by orienting bias (g = 2.0) and fixation time (g = 1.2). There were no significant effects for response time data. Conclusions: Cocaine-smoking cigarettes smokers display an initial orienting bias toward cigarette cues, but not sustained cigarette AB. The incentive motivation underlying cigarette smoking also differs. Cocaine smokers report more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for cigarette and cocaine use disorders. Implications: These results suggest that cocaine-smoking cigarette smokers display an initial orienting bias towards cigarette cues, but not sustained attention towards cigarette cues, relative to non-cocaine-using smokers. Smoked cocaine users also report a more urgent desire to smoke to relieve negative affect than non-cocaine users. Identifying differences in motivation to smoke cigarettes may provide new treatment targets for both cigarette and cocaine use disorders.

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“…Interactions between nicotine and cocaine are of interest because, in addition to the shared dopaminergic mechanism of action, epidemiological studies have shown a strong concordance between tobacco and cocaine abuse (Budney et al, 1993;Roll et al, 1996;Wiseman & McMillan, 1996). For example, smoking is 3.4 times more prevalent in cocaine abusers than in the general population (Budney et al, 1993) and cocaine-dependent individuals who are cigarette smokers report using cocaine more frequently and in greater amounts than those who are not smokers (Roll et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Sobel

Sigmon

Griffiths

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order across days. Subjective and cardiovascular data were collected before and repeatedly after drug or placebo injection. Reinforcing effects were also assessed after each injection with a Drug vs Money Multiple-Choice Form. Intravenous cocaine produced robust dose-related increases in subjective and reinforcing effects; these effects were not altered by nicotine maintenance. Intravenous caffeine produced elevations on several subjective ratings; nicotine maintenance did not affect these ratings. Under the placebo maintenance condition, intravenous nicotine produced robust dose-related subjective effects, with maximal increases similar to the high dose of cocaine; nicotine maintenance significantly decreased the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine. The results of the present study demonstrate that chronic nicotine maintenance produces tolerance to the effects of intravenous nicotine, but does not affect the subjective or reinforcing effects of cocaine or caffeine.

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Combined Use of Cocaine with Alcohol or Cigarettes

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Measures of cognitive functioning as predictors of treatment outcome for cocaine dependence

Measures of cognitive functioning as predictors of treatment outcome for cocaine dependence

Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

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