“…However, it has limitations in data integration. In recent years, the integration of different omics technologies to explain changes in food quality on a molecular basis has been implemented in various research areas such as systems microbiology ( Fondi and Liò, 2015 ), food and nutritional science ( Kato et al, 2011 ), disease biology ( Pathak and Davé, 2014 ), and meat science ( Lim et al, 2017 ; Ma et al, 2020 ; Windarsih et al, 2022 ; Yan et al, 2021 ). Although successful integration has not yet been realized in meat science research, studies have been conducted by integrating transcriptomics and proteomics ( Lim et al, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2022c ; Zhao et al, 2022b ), proteomics and metabolomics ( Ma et al, 2020 ; Windarsih et al, 2022 ), and transcriptomics and metabolomics ( Chen et al, 2022 ; Cui et al, 2023 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2022d ).…”