Combined surface electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy and acceleration recordings of muscle contraction: The effect of motion

Abstract

Noninvasive techniques, surface electromyography (sEMG) in particular, are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity. In these studies, local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest. Measurements can be performed noninvasively using optics-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). By combining energy consumption data provided by NIRS with muscle level activation data from sEMG, we may gain an insight into the metabolic and functional characteristics of muscle tissue. However, muscle motion may induce artifacts into EMG and NIRS. Thus, the inclusion of simultaneous motion measurements using accelerometers (ACMs) enhances possibilities to perceive the e®ects of motion on NIRS and EMG signals.This paper reviews the current state of noninvasive EMG and NIRS-based methods used to study muscle function. In addition, we built a combined sEMG/NIRS/ACM sensor to perform simultaneous measurements for static and dynamic exercises of a biceps brachii muscle. Further, we discuss the e®ect of muscle motion in response of NIRS and EMG when measured noninvasively. Based on our preliminary studies, both NIRS and EMG supply speci¯c information on muscle activation, but their signal responses also showed similarities with acceleration signals which, in this case, were supposed to be solely sensitive to motions.

Implementation of a Portable Electromyographic Prototype for the Detection of Muscle Fatigue

“…In the following sections we will explain in detail the design process that was carried out for each of the blocks. muscle [13][14][15][16]. However, its use is sometimes restricted due to factors such as cost and lack of technical knowledge.…”

“…In the sports field, with electromyography it is possible to observe muscle fatigue caused by static exercises [12], in which sustained contractions are generated without varying the length of the muscle, or dynamic, where there are contractions in which there is a flexion and extension of the muscle [13][14][15][16]. However, its use is sometimes restricted due to factors such as cost and lack of technical knowledge.…”

A Wireless Multi-Layered EMG/MMG/NIRS Sensor for Muscular Activity Evaluation

“…In adopting these multi-mode evaluation approaches, it is necessary to ignore the fact that the sensors disturb muscular activity as several sensors are generally used. The multi-modal compact sensor based on three types of sensing methods, such as EMG, MMG and NIRS [ 23 ], has been researched. Moreover, wireless, compact or portable multi-modal sensors, such as those for EMG/MMG [ 24 , 25 ], EMG/NIRS [ 26 , 27 ], and EMG, MMG and electrical impedance myography [ 28 ], have been developed for the evaluation of muscular activity analysis.…”

Effect of Metabolic Enzymes on Acceleration Ability in Exercise Fatigue

“…Therefore, this filter had the characteristics of non-stationary and nonlinear, and had a good effect on the removal of noise generated by human dynamics in ECG and EMG images.It has no effect on the baseline drift, and EMG interference and power frequency interference in the frequency domain. 5 The adaptive filtering theory was proposed by Zhao et al in the 1960s, 6 which was the best filtering method developed on the basis of linear filtering such as wiener filtering and kalman filtering. The weight coefficient of the adaptive filter system was adjusted automatically through little or no prior knowledge of the input signal and noise, and the optimal state was achieved.…”