Combined Styrene/MMA/Nanoclay Cross-linker Effect on Wood-Polymer Composites (WPCs)

Rahman, Md. Rezaur; Lai, Josephine Chang Hui; Hamdan, Sinin; Ahmed, Abu Saleh; Baini, Rubiyah; Saleh, Shanti Faridah

doi:10.15376/biores.8.3.4227-4237

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The hydroxyl groups within the wood were replaced by the ST/MMA reagents, which led to improved dimensional stability. Similar results have been reported by Rahman et al (2013), who reported that chemical modification with styrene and methyl methacrylate (ST/MMA) causes permanent swelling of the cell walls. Compression treatment of agatis wood revealed the mechanism of permanent fixation of deformation (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Agatis wood impregnated with monomers to fill the void space by compression treatment led to an increase in density. Polymer-filled wood yielded higher density compared to compressed wood because co-polymerization of the cell wall in the wood produced permanent fixation by the presence of ST/MMA, as shown by Rahman et al (2013). They reported permanent fixation of the wood matrix due to ST/MMA crosslinking with the wood cell wall.…”

Section: Properties Of Modified Woodmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Determination of the Combined Effect of Chemical Modification and Compression of Agatis Wood on the Dimensional Stability, Termite Resistance, and Morphological Structure

Khalil¹,

Dungani²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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Agatis wood (Agathis lorantifolia Salisb.) was impregnated with a combination of styrene and methyl methacrylate and compressed to a strain of 50% to improve dimensional stability and termite resistance. The changes in cell structure were analyzed to determine the effects of the combination treatment. The results showed that densification of agatis wood with compression, impregnation, and a combination of treatments resulted in an increase in physical properties (density and dimensional stability) by changing the cellular structure and chemical components (i.e., cellulose crystallinity, microfibril angle, and preferred orientation of fibers) as well as degradation of cellulose. The chemical modification and combination treatment (chemical and compression) of wood generally led to a high resistance to dry wood termites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Properties Of Modified Woodmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of the Combined Effect of Chemical Modification and Compression of Agatis Wood on the Dimensional Stability, Termite Resistance, and Morphological Structure

Khalil¹,

Dungani²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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show abstract

“…A WPC is a homogeneous material comprised primarily of wood particles, a thermoplastic polymer, and, depending on the intended use, various additives (Wolcott 2003;Segerholm et al 2012;Rahman et al 2013). This technology shows a good potential for using waste or recycled wood and polymers to make durable composites, which in turn are potentially recyclable (Rowell et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Characterization of Panels Manufactured from Recycled Particleboards using Different Adhesives

2016

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Transforming waste or recycled materials into value-added products is of high priority today. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) show high potential for the use of recycled materials in making durable composites. The applicability of WPC panels produced from recycled materials (ultralight foam core particleboards) for exterior building application was tested using wood-destroying basidiomycetes. The results showed that the panels were fully resistant against Coniophora puteana (Cp) and Gloeophyllum trabeum (Gt), but not very resistant against Pleurotus ostreatus (Po). The decay susceptibility index of Po-exposed specimens showed that the polystyrene-bonded (PS) samples were more resistant than solid beech wood samples that were used as references, followed by melamine-urea formaldehyde-bonded samples. A comparison with the reference samples also showed that the panel density had a significant influence on the panel's resistance against basidiomycetes. The higher the panel density, the more resistance will be achieved in the panel.

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“…The results indicated that the WPG noticeably increased because of the ratios of AN-co-BMA-HNC that reacted well with the hydroxyl groups in the wood fiber (Rahman et al 2013). The AN-co-BMA-HNC polymer matrix aided in removing the impurities from the wood fiber surfaces by using vacuum chamber due to the high pressure of vacuum chamber that left more wood pores within the…”

Section: Weight Percent Gain (Wpg %)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Methacrylate/Halloysite Nanoclay Impregnated Wood Polymer Nanocomposites

2017

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Acrylonitrile/butyl methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites (AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs) were prepared via the impregnation method, and the effect of different ratios of polymers was investigated. The WPNCs were characterized through weight percent gain, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the three-point flexural test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and the moisture absorption test. The weight percent gain in the 50:50 AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs was the highest compared with the raw wood (RW) and other WPNCs. The FT-IR results confirmed that polymerization took place in the nanocomposites, especially in the 50:50 AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs, with a reduction of hydroxyl groups. The SEM results revealed that the 50:50 AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs showed the best surface morphology. The 50:50 AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs showed the highest flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. The results revealed that the storage modulus and loss modulus of the AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs were higher, while the tan δ of the ANco-BMA-HNC WPNCs was lower, compared with the RW. The AN-co-BMA-HNC WPNCs also exhibited higher thermal stability and exhibited remarkably lower moisture absorption compared with the RW. Overall, this study demonstrated that the 50:50 AN-co-BMA ratio was the most suitable to be introduced into RW.

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Combined Styrene/MMA/Nanoclay Cross-linker Effect on Wood-Polymer Composites (WPCs)

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Determination of the Combined Effect of Chemical Modification and Compression of Agatis Wood on the Dimensional Stability, Termite Resistance, and Morphological Structure

Determination of the Combined Effect of Chemical Modification and Compression of Agatis Wood on the Dimensional Stability, Termite Resistance, and Morphological Structure

Biological Characterization of Panels Manufactured from Recycled Particleboards using Different Adhesives

Evaluation of Acrylonitrile/Butyl Methacrylate/Halloysite Nanoclay Impregnated Wood Polymer Nanocomposites

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