Combined squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva: Role of human papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus

Chen, Chien-Heng; Wu, Yih-Yiing; Kuo, Kuan‐Ting; Liau, Jau–Yu; Liang, Cher‐Wei

doi:10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.04.005

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Primary MCCs of the genitourinary system are very rare, aggressive and may be misinterpreted with other cancers of genitourinary system. There are no standardized protocols for treatment of vulvar MCC due to the rarity [62,63]. The guidlines are same like in extravulvar MCC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recurrence and progression of the tumor are very common complcations after the treatment. There are no standardized protocols for treatment of vulvar MCC due to the rarity [62,63] The guidlines are same like in extravulvar MCC. In general MCC have an aggresive behavior, but those in the vulva are virulent with a 100% rate of inguinal node and also distant metastases [62].…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinoma [Mcc] In the Organs Of Genitourinary Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no standardized protocols for treatment of vulvar MCC due to the rarity [62,63] The guidlines are same like in extravulvar MCC. In general MCC have an aggresive behavior, but those in the vulva are virulent with a 100% rate of inguinal node and also distant metastases [62]. Prognosis of this carcinoma is very poor than prognosis of the MCC arising in other parts of the body [42].…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinoma [Mcc] In the Organs Of Genitourinary Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Merkel Cells and Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Genitourinary System Tumor with Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis

Polakovičová¹,

Polák²

2017

Anat Physiol

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Human Merkel cells (MCs) were first described by Friedrich S. Merkel in 1875 and named "Tastzellen" (touch cells). Merkel cells are primarily localized in the basal layer of the epidermis and concentrated in touch-sensitive areas. Their density varies among each anatomical site. Mostly they are concentrated in the palms of hands, predominantly in the finger pads, also in the soles and toes than in any other parts of the body. Concentration of MC in the external genitalia has not been studied, but some researchers detected some MCs in the male prepuce and in the female clitoris. Last year they were first described in the labia minora. Functionally they can be classified into some subpopulations with different functions: mechanoreceptive, endocrine, chemo sensitive. They belong to mechanoreceptors detecting tissue deformations and release various neurotransmitters to nerve endings. Tumor arising from Merkel cells called Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). This highly aggressive malignancy occurs most often in the elderly white peoples on the skin of the head, neck and extremities. Its incidence is generally higher in men than in women. The rate of mortality is higher than in patients with melanoma and prognosis is rather poor. MCC of the genitourinary system are very rare, aggressive and may be misinterpreted with other cancers of genitourinary system. Most cases of MCC reported in the English literature in the women are in the vulva. In general MCC have an aggresive behavior, but those in the vulva are virulent with a 100% rate of inguinal node and also distant metastases. Prognosis of this carcinoma is very poor than prognosis of the MCC arising in other parts of the body.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinoma [Mcc] In the Organs Of Genitourinary Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinoma [Mcc] In the Organs Of Genitourinary Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Merkel Cells and Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Genitourinary System Tumor with Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis

Polakovičová¹,

Polák²

2017

Anat Physiol

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Detection of the Merkel cell polyomavirus in the neuroendocrine component of combined Merkel cell carcinoma

et al. 2018

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Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. The main etiological agent is Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), detected in 80% of cases. About 5% of cases, called combined MCC, feature an admixture of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumor cells. Reports of the presence or absence of MCPyV in combined MCC are conflicting, most favoring the absence, which suggests that combined MCC might have independent etiological factors and pathogenesis. These discrepancies might occur with the use of different virus identification assays, with different sensitivities. In this study, we aimed to determine the viral status of combined MCC by a multimodal approach. We histologically reviewed 128 cases of MCC and sub-classified them as "combined" or "conventional." Both groups were compared by clinical data (age, sex, site, American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage, immunosuppression, risk of recurrence, and death during follow-up) and immunochemical features (cytokeratin 20 and 7, thyroid transcription factor 1 [TTF1], p53, large T antigen [CM2B4], CD8 infiltrates). After a first calibration step with 12 conventional MCCs and 12 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas as controls, all eight cases of combined MCC were investigated for MCPyV viral status by combining two independent molecular procedures. Furthermore, on multiplex genotyping assay, the samples were examined for the presence of other polyoma- and papillomaviruses. Combined MCC differed from conventional MCC in earlier AJCC stage, increased risk of recurrence and death, decreased CD8 infiltrates, more frequent TTF1 positivity (5/8), abnormal p53 expression (8/8), and frequent lack of large T antigen expression (7/8). With the molecular procedure, half of the combined MCC cases were positive for MCPyV in the neuroendocrine component. Beta papillomaviruses were detected in 5/8 combined MCC cases and 9/12 conventional MCC cases. In conclusion, the detection of MCPyV DNA in half of the combined MCC cases suggests similar routes of carcinogenesis for combined and conventional MCC.

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Merkel cell carcinoma of the anorectum: a case report and review of the literature

Wyk

Moolla

Motala³

et al. 2022

Clin J Gastroenterol

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Combined squamous cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva: Role of human papillomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Merkel Cells and Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Genitourinary System Tumor with Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis

Merkel Cells and Merkel Cell Carcinoma of Genitourinary System Tumor with Aggressive Behavior and Poor Prognosis

Detection of the Merkel cell polyomavirus in the neuroendocrine component of combined Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma of the anorectum: a case report and review of the literature

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