Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise‐induced PGC‐1<i>α</i> and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle

Skovgaard, Casper; Brandt, Nina; Pilegaard, Henriette; Bangsbo, Jens

doi:10.14814/phy2.12864

Cited by 36 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Moreover, the observation that PGC‐1α mRNA was elevated by only 90–120 s of active exercise time indicates that intense exercise of even shorter duration than that employed by Psilander et al . (2010) and Skovgaard et al . (2016) (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While the high responsiveness of PGC‐1α mRNA to SE has been demonstrated in trained individuals (Psilander et al . 2010; Skovgaard et al . 2016), the present study provides novel evidence that RS also increases muscle PGC‐1α mRNA abundance in well‐trained subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2012) and generate similar (Psilander et al . 2010) or greater (Skovgaard et al . 2016) muscle PGC‐1α mRNA responses compared with high‐volume submaximal exercise, likely due to the effectiveness of intense exercise in exacerbating metabolic stress and thereby inducing enhanced molecular responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic stress‐dependent regulation of the mitochondrial biogenic molecular response to high‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Fiorenza

Gunnarsson

Hostrup

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of exercise-induced metabolic stress on regulation of the molecular responses promoting skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Twelve endurance-trained men performed three cycling exercise protocols characterized by different metabolic profiles in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Specifically, two work-matched low-volume supramaximal-intensity intermittent regimes, consisting of repeated-sprint (RS) and speed endurance (SE) exercise, were employed and compared with a high-volume continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CM) protocol. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained before, immediately after, and 3 h after exercise. SE produced the most marked metabolic perturbations as evidenced by the greatest changes in muscle lactate and pH, concomitantly with higher post-exercise plasma adrenaline levels in comparison with RS and CM. Exercise-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII and p38 MAPK was greater in SE than in RS and CM. The exercise-induced PGC-1α mRNA response was higher in SE and CM than in RS, with no difference between SE and CM. Muscle NRF-2, TFAM, MFN2, DRP1 and SOD2 mRNA content was elevated to the same extent by SE and CM, while RS had no effect on these mRNAs. The exercise-induced HSP72 mRNA response was larger in SE than in RS and CM. Thus, the present results suggest that, for a given exercise volume, the initial events associated with mitochondrial biogenesis are modulated by metabolic stress. In addition, high-intensity exercise seems to compensate for reduced exercise volume in the induction of mitochondrial biogenic molecular responses only when the intense exercise elicits marked metabolic perturbations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metabolic stress‐dependent regulation of the mitochondrial biogenic molecular response to high‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Fiorenza

Gunnarsson

Hostrup

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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“…In support, augmented mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐ γ coactivator‐1, PGC‐1 α ) and metabolism (hexokinase II and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐4, PDK4) in trained subjects was observed following a SET session (Skovgaard et al. ). Furthermore, PGC‐1a mRNA has been shown to increase in an exercise intensity‐dependent manner (Egan et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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The aim of the present study was to examine whether improved running economy with a period of speed endurance training and reduced training volume could be related to adaptations in specific muscle fibers. Twenty trained male (n = 14) and female (n = 6) runners (maximum oxygen consumption (VO2‐max): 56.4 ± 4.6 mL/min/kg) completed a 40‐day intervention with 10 sessions of speed endurance training (5–10 × 30‐sec maximal running) and a reduced (36%) volume of training. Before and after the intervention, a muscle biopsy was obtained at rest, and an incremental running test to exhaustion was performed. In addition, running at 60% vVO 2‐max, and a 10‐km run was performed in a normal and a muscle slow twitch (ST) glycogen‐depleted condition. After compared to before the intervention, expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was lower (P < 0.05) and dystrophin was higher (P < 0.05) in ST muscle fibers, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (SERCA1) was lower (P < 0.05) in fast twitch muscle fibers. Running economy at 60% vVO 2‐max (11.6 ± 0.2 km/h) and at v10‐km (13.7 ± 0.3 km/h) was ~2% better (P < 0.05) after the intervention in the normal condition, but unchanged in the ST glycogen‐depleted condition. Ten kilometer performance was improved (P < 0.01) by 3.2% (43.7 ± 1.0 vs. 45.2 ± 1.2 min) and 3.9% (45.8 ± 1.2 vs. 47.7 ± 1.3 min) in the normal and the ST glycogen‐depleted condition, respectively. VO 2‐max was the same, but vVO 2‐max was 2.0% higher (P < 0.05; 19.3 ± 0.3 vs. 18.9 ± 0.3 km/h) after than before the intervention. Thus, improved running economy with intense training may be related to changes in expression of proteins linked to energy consuming processes in primarily ST muscle fibers.

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“…PGC‐1 α has central roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation in response to exercise training (Wu et al ; Vega et al ). High‐intensity interval exercise (6 × 30‐sec all‐out cycling) followed by endurance exercise (60% VO 2 max for 60 min) markedly enhanced mRNA levels of PGC‐1 α compared with those observed after respective, single, uncombined regimens in trained human muscle (Skovgaard et al ). Thus, hybrid exercise training (HT) consisting of interval and endurance exercise with intermittent hypoxia may be beneficial to improve the endurance capacity of highly trained individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise training with short‐duration intermittent hypoxia on endurance performance and muscle metabolism in well‐trained mice

Suzuki

2019

Physiol Rep

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The author previously reported that short‐duration intermittent hypoxia had additive effects on improvements in endurance capacity by enhancing fatty acid metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of short‐duration intermittent hypoxia on endurance capacity, metabolic enzyme activity, and protein levels associated with mitochondrial biogenesis in well‐trained mice. Mice in the training group were housed in a cage with a running wheel for 7 weeks from 5 weeks old. Voluntary running markedly increased maximal work values by 5.0‐fold. Trained mice were then subjected to either endurance treadmill training (ET) for 60 min or hybrid training (HT, ET for 30 min followed by sprint interval exercise (5‐sec run‐10‐sec rest) for 30 min) with (H‐ET or H‐HT) or without (ET or HT) short‐duration intermittent hypoxia (4 cycles of 12–13% O 2 for 15 min and 20.9% O 2 for 10 min) for 4 weeks. Maximal endurance capacity was markedly greater in the H‐ET and H‐HT than ET and HT groups, respectively. H‐ET and H‐HT increased activity levels of 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase in oxidative muscle portion and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in glycolytic muscle portion. These activity levels were significantly correlated with maximal endurance capacity. Protein levels of dynamin‐related protein‐1 were increased more by H‐ET and H‐HT than by ET and HT, but were not significantly correlated with maximal work. These results suggest that intermittent hypoxic exposure has beneficial effects on endurance and hybrid training to improve the endurance capacity via improving fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation in highly trained mice.

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Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise‐induced PGC‐1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle

Cited by 36 publications

References 63 publications

Metabolic stress‐dependent regulation of the mitochondrial biogenic molecular response to high‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Metabolic stress‐dependent regulation of the mitochondrial biogenic molecular response to high‐intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle

Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners

Effects of exercise training with short‐duration intermittent hypoxia on endurance performance and muscle metabolism in well‐trained mice

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