Combined spectrophotometry and tensile measurements of human connective tissues: potentials and limitations

Ernstberger, Markus; Sichting, Freddy; Baselt, Tobias; Hartmann, Péter; Aust, Gabriela; Hammer, Niels

doi:10.1117/1.jbo.18.6.060506

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These interspecies differences are unexpected as the porcine skin is morphologically similar to human skin and therefore frequently used as a model for the same 18 , 19 . The significantly higher elongation of AS compared to NS is likely a consequence of occurring ‘free spaces’ in the tissue following the cell removal and subsequent loss of many hair shafts in this study, which was proven by using histology, immunohistochemistry and SEM agreeing with previous observations 2 , 20 . Regarding this, the SF max also increased in acellular iliotibial tract samples 2 , but stayed unaltered in human dura mater 12 , temporal muscle fascia 13 and porcine skin 3 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective

Zwirner

Ondruschka

Scholze

et al. 2020

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Acellular matrices seem promising scaffold materials for soft tissue regeneration. Biomechanical properties of such scaffolds were shown to be closely linked to tissue regeneration and cellular ingrowth. This given study investigated uniaxial load-deformation properties of 34 human acellular scalp samples and compared these to age-matched native tissues as well as acellular dura mater and acellular temporal muscle fascia. As previously observed for human acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia, elastic modulus (p = 0.13) and ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.80) of human scalp samples were unaffected by the cell removal. Acellular scalp samples showed a higher strain at maximum force compared to native counterparts (p = 0.02). The direct comparison of acellular scalp to acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia revealed a higher elasticity (p < 0.01) and strain at maximum force (p = 0.02), but similar ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.47). Elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of acellular scalp decreased with increasing post-mortem interval. The elongation behavior formed the main biomechanical difference between native and acellular human scalp samples with elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength being similar when comparing the two.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective

Zwirner

Ondruschka

Scholze

et al. 2020

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“…One explanation for the difference in maximum strain is the following: When the specimen is strained, the collagen bundles are also strained. This strain may cause a lateral (transverse) contraction of the collagen bundles, as shown in our previous study [30]. The described mechanism transfers a load on the partly incompressible fibrocytes or tenocytes, since they are located between the collagen bundles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Do Cells Contribute to Tendon and Ligament Biomechanics?

et al. 2014

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IntroductionAcellular scaffolds are increasingly used for the surgical repair of tendon injury and ligament tears. Despite this increased use, very little data exist directly comparing acellular scaffolds and their native counterparts. Such a comparison would help establish the effectiveness of the acellularization procedure of human tissues. Furthermore, such a comparison would help estimate the influence of cells in ligament and tendon stability and give insight into the effects of acellularization on collagen.Material and MethodsEighteen human iliotibial tract samples were obtained from nine body donors. Nine samples were acellularized with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), while nine counterparts from the same donors remained in the native condition. The ends of all samples were plastinated to minimize material slippage. Their water content was adjusted to 69%, using the osmotic stress technique to exclude water content-related alterations of the mechanical properties. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to obtain the elastic modulus, ultimate stress and maximum strain. The effectiveness of the acellularization procedure was histologically verified by means of a DNA assay.ResultsThe histology samples showed a complete removal of the cells, an extensive, yet incomplete removal of the DNA content and alterations to the extracellular collagen. Tensile properties of the tract samples such as elastic modulus and ultimate stress were unaffected by acellularization with the exception of maximum strain.DiscussionThe data indicate that cells influence the mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons in vitro to a negligible extent. Moreover, acellularization with SDS alters material properties to a minor extent, indicating that this method provides a biomechanical match in ligament and tendon reconstruction. However, the given protocol insufficiently removes DNA. This may increase the potential for transplant rejection when acellular tract scaffolds are used in soft tissue repair. Further research will help optimize the SDS-protocol for clinical application.

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“…The given study aims to assess the influence of coating and speckling on the load-deformation properties of the human iliotibial tract as a well-characterized model of collagen-rich human soft tissues [18][19][20][21][22] . Based on the dehydrating components of coating sprays and the previous observations on hard tissues, we investigated the two following hypotheses:…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface coating and speckling of the human iliotibial tract does not affect its load-deformation properties

Zwirner

Ondruschka

Scholze

et al. 2020

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Stochastic surface patterns form an important requirement to facilitate digital image correlation and to subsequently quantify material properties of various tissues when loaded and deformed without artefacts arising from material slippage. Depending on the samples’ natural colour, a surface pattern is created by speckling with colour or dye only, or it requires combined surface coating and speckling before to enhance the contrast, to facilitate high-quality data recording for mechanical evaluation. However, it is unclear to date if the colours deployed for coating and speckling do significantly alter the biomechanical properties of soft tissues. The given study investigated the biomechanical properties of 168 human iliotibial tract samples as a model for collagen-rich soft tissues, separated into four groups: untreated, graphite speckling only, water-based coating plus graphite speckling and solvent-based coating plus graphite speckling following a standardized approach of application and data acquisition. The results reveal that elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and strain at maximum force of all groups were similar and statistically non-different (p ≥ 0.69). Qualitatively, the speckle patterns revealed increasing contrast differences in the following order: untreated, graphite speckling only, water-based coating plus graphite speckling and solvent-based coating plus graphite speckling. Conclusively, both coating by water- and solvent-based paints, as well as exclusive graphite speckling, did not significantly influence the load-deformation parameters of the here used human iliotibial tract as a model for collagen-rich soft tissues. In consequence, water- and solvent-based coating paints seem equally suitable to coat collagen-rich soft tissues for digital image correlation, resulting in suitable speckle patterns and unbiased data acquisition.

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Combined spectrophotometry and tensile measurements of human connective tissues: potentials and limitations

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective

Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective

Do Cells Contribute to Tendon and Ligament Biomechanics?

Surface coating and speckling of the human iliotibial tract does not affect its load-deformation properties

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