Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Estimation of the Intracloud–Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Ratio over the Continental United States

Boccippio, Dennis J.; Cummins, Kenneth L.; Christian, H. J.; Goodman, Steven J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0108:csasbe>2.0.co;2

Cited by 294 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The flash DE has been reported to be between 49% and 65% (Boccippio et al 2000;B01). OTD's field of view was about 1300 3 1300 km 2 with a spatial resolution of 10 km and about 14 orbits each day (C14).…”

Section: B Otd and Lismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

et al. 2017

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This work addresses the long-term relative occurrence of cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC; no attachment to ground) flashes for the contiguous United States (CONUS). It expands upon an earlier analysis by Boccippio et al. who employed 4-yr datasets provided by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and the Optical Transient Detector (OTD). Today, the duration of the NLDN historical dataset has more than tripled, and OTD data can be supplemented with data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS). This work is timely, given the launch of GOES-16, which includes the world's first geostationary lightning mapper that will observe total lightning (IC and CG) over the Americas and adjacent ocean regions.

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Section: B Otd and Lismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

et al. 2017

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“…We use space-based observations of lightning flash counts from the seasonally varying climatological OTD/LIS (Boccippio et al, 2000a(Boccippio et al, , 2001) dataset (High Resolution Annual Climatology -HRAC -data) to constrain GEOS-Chem lightning flashes, by applying a local seasonal rescaling factor, R:…”

Section: Lightning No X Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone

et al. 2007

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Abstract. We use a global chemical transport model (GEOSChem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O 3 , NO 2 , and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O 3 , CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O 3 from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NO x and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O 3 in the upper troposphere by 5-20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1-4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O 3 columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO 2 and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide topdown constraints on emission inventories of NO x (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The topdown biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NO x over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O 3 by 5-20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O 3 columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dy-

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“…5.2 Cloud-to-ground flash rate Boccippio et al (2001) analyzed four years of OTD and NLDN flash rate data over the United States and found that the CG to I C ratio may be dominated by storm type, morphology, and level of organization instead of environmental parameters. Here, we examine the influence of the CG to I C ratio on the NO mixing ratios.…”

Section: Total Flash Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a new lightning-produced NO<sub>x</sub> parameterization for cloud resolving models and its associated uncertainties

Barthe

Barth

2008

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A new parameterization of the lightning-produced NO x has been developed for cloud-resolving models. This parameterization is based on the unique characteristics of identifying which convective cells are capable of producing lightning based on a vertical velocity threshold and estimating the lightning flash rate in each convective cell from the non-precipitation and precipitation ice mass flux product. Further, the source location is filamentary instead of volumetric as in most previous parameterizations.This parameterization has been tested on the 10 July 1996 Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols and Ozone (STERAO) storm. Comparisons of the simulated flash rate and NO mixing ratio (control experiment) with observations at different locations and stages of the storm show good agreement. An individual flash produces on average 121±41 moles of NO (7.3±2.5×10 25 molecules NO) for the simulated high cloud base, high shear storm that is dominated by intra-cloud flash activity. Sensitivity tests have been performed to study the impact of the flash rate, the cloud-to-ground flash ratio, the flash length, the spatial distribution of the NO molecules, and the production rate per flash on the NO concentration and distribution. Results show a strong impact from the flash rate, the spatial placement of the lightning-NO x source and the number of moles produced per flash. On the other hand, the simulations show almost no impact from the different cloud-to-ground (CG) ratios and the lightning-NO x production rates per CG flash used as input to the model.

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Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Estimation of the Intracloud–Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Ratio over the Continental United States

Cited by 294 publications

References 31 publications

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone

Evaluation of a new lightning-produced NO<sub>x</sub> parameterization for cloud resolving models and its associated uncertainties

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Combined Satellite- and Surface-Based Estimation of the Intracloud–Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Ratio over the Continental United States

Cited by 294 publications

References 31 publications

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

The Intracloud Lightning Fraction in the Contiguous United States

Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone

Evaluation of a new lightning-produced NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; parameterization for cloud resolving models and its associated uncertainties

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Product

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Evaluation of a new lightning-produced NO<sub>x</sub> parameterization for cloud resolving models and its associated uncertainties