Combined Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Comprehensive Regulation of Stropharia rugosoannulata Mycelia Exposed to Cadmium Stress

Abstract

The potential of Stropharia rugosoannulata as a microbial remediation material for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil lies in its capacity to absorb and accumulate Cd in its mycelia. This study utilized the TMT and LC−MS techniques to conduct integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses with the aim of investigating the mycelial response mechanisms of S. rugosoannulata under low- and high-Cd stresses. The results revealed that mycelia employed a proactive defense mechanism to maintain their physiological functions, leading to reduced sensitivity to low-Cd stress. The ability of mycelia to withstand high levels of Cd stress was influenced primarily by the comprehensive regulation of six metabolic pathways, which led to a harmonious balance between nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and to reductions in oxidative stress and growth inhibition caused by Cd. The results provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of S. rugosoannulata mycelia to Cd stress.