Combined profile of the tandem repeats CAG, TA and CA of the androgen and estrogen receptor genes in breast cancer

Anghel, Andrei; Raica, Marius; Marian, Cătălin; Ursoniu, Sorin; Mitrasca, Oana

doi:10.1007/s00432-006-0121-9

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Several case-control studies have examined the length of the CAG repeat stretch to check for an association with breast cancer risk [reviewed by the authors in 10, 27-32] ( Table 3). Out of 20 such studies (including the present study), six presented direct association of longer CAG stretch (greater number of repeats) with increased breast cancer risk in American [27,33], Canadian [34], Romanian [35], Spanish [36], and Taiwanese [37] women. At least two studies reported a reduced disease risk with smaller repeat length in Canadian women [30,38], showing a direct relation between repeat length and disease risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

CAG repeat length polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer risk: data on Indian women and survey from the world

Rajender

Francis²,

Singh

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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We analyzed the length of the CAG repeats of the androgen receptor gene in Indian women with breast cancer, and compared the data with that of other populations across the world in an attempt to find a potential pattern of association. The study was undertaken on 1,408 individuals comprising 747 breast cancer patients and 661 control individuals recruited from three southern states of India: Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. The comparison revealed no difference in mean length of the repeat between cases and controls in any of the three groups or in the analysis of pooled data. No significant difference between pre- and post-menopausal cases in any of the three groups or in the analysis of pooled data was observed. Most of the studies to date support either positive association (longer repeats--increased disease risk) or no association, and only 2 out of 20 studies reported negative association (inverse correlation between repeat length and disease risk). Comparison of these data with those from other populations revealed several interesting facts. Particularly notable is that repeat length shows association with breast cancer risk in a population-specific manner with most of the studies on American and Canadian women showing positive association, whereas those on Australian and Israeli women showing no association. Only one study had been conducted on other populations including Asians/South Asians; this restricted us from finding any patterns of association in these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

CAG repeat length polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer risk: data on Indian women and survey from the world

Rajender

Francis²,

Singh

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…receptor gene and the risk of breast cancer. Others however, have shown an association between the presence of short [27][28][29] or long [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] alleles containing CAG repeats in the AR gene and an increased incidence of breast cancer. For example, Yu et al [38] indicated that longer CAG repeats in the AR gene are associated with lower grade of tumors, fewer lymph node metastases and longer survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer

et al. 2014

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“…We hypothesize that CA repeat contraction in the microsatellites located in the ADAMTS9 promoter may block RNA polymerase binding to the ADAMTS9 promoter. If this scenario is correct, cancer-related gene expression, such as that of ADAMTS9, in tumors would decrease (15,16), and lower matrix metalloproteinase activity would translate into a reduced ability to invade lymphatic vessels and metastasize. Porter et al reported that the expression of ADAMTS9 in breast cancer tissues was down-regulated with respect to noncancerous breast tissues and uncovered a potential association between ADAMTS9 and breast cancer (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential association between the number of CA repeats in the promoter region of the ADAMTS9 gene with lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer

et al. 2013

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Th is paper concentrates on the Early Oligocene palaeoclimate of the southern part of Eastern and Central Europe and gives a detailed climatological analysis, combined with leaf-morphological studies and modelling of the palaeoatmospheric CO 2 level using stomatal and δ 13 C data. Climate data are calculated using the Coexistence Approach for Kiscellian fl oras of the Palaeogene Basin (Hungary and Slovenia) and coeval assemblages from Central and Southeastern Europe. Potential microclimatic or habitat variations are considered using morphometric analysis of fossil leaves from Hungarian, Slovenian and Italian fl oras. Reconstruction of CO 2 is performed by applying a recently introduced mechanistic model. Results of climate analysis indicate distinct latitudinal and longitudinal climate patterns for various variables which agree well with reconstructed palaeogeography and vegetation. Calculated climate variables in general suggest a warm and frost-free climate with low seasonal variation of temperature. A diff erence in temperature parameters is recorded between localities from Central and Southeastern Europe, manifested mainly in the mean temperature of the coldest month. Results of morphometric analysis suggest microclimatic or habitat diff erence among studied fl oras. Extending the scarce information available on atmospheric CO 2 levels during the Oligocene, we provide data for a well-defi ned time-interval. Reconstructed atmospheric CO 2 levels agree well with threshold values for Antarctic ice sheet growth suggested by recent modelling studies. Th e successful application of the mechanistic model for the reconstruction of atmospheric CO 2 levels raises new possibitities for future climate inference from macro-fl ora studies.

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Combined profile of the tandem repeats CAG, TA and CA of the androgen and estrogen receptor genes in breast cancer

Abstract: Our results confirm previous reports regarding an association between longer CAG repeats and breast cancer. In addition to that, we found that the combination of long CAG, short TA and CA repeats are strongly associated with breast cancer.

Cited by 18 publications

References 50 publications

CAG repeat length polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer risk: data on Indian women and survey from the world

CAG repeat length polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer risk: data on Indian women and survey from the world

The CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene and breast cancer

A potential association between the number of CA repeats in the promoter region of the ADAMTS9 gene with lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer

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