Combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at C2–3 and invagination of the posterior axis resulting in Myelopathy

Passias, Peter G.; Wang, Shaobo; Wang, Shenglin

doi:10.1007/s00586-012-2654-8

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Both congenital hypertrophy and hypoplasia of the posterior arch of C2 can paradoxically cause the same effect with compression of the spinal cord, presumably secondary to instability in the latter case (Passias and others 2013). Cervical stenosis in human beings can be either developmental or acquired (Kasliwal and Traynelis 2012), and is usually noted in the middle or lower cervical spinal cord (Benitah and others 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy at the C2‐C3 articular facet joint in 11 dogs

et al. 2015

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In dogs, vertebral canal stenosis at C2-C3 due to articular facet joint degeneration is only sporadically identified. The authors' aims were to review the clinical presentation, MRI characteristics, treatment and outcome of dogs presenting with this condition. Eleven cases were eligible for inclusion. Neurological examination revealed tetraparesis and proprioceptive ataxia in all 4 limbs in 3/11, proprioceptive tetra-ataxia only in 4/11, pelvic limb proprioceptive ataxia in 2/11 and no gait abnormalities in 2/11 dogs. Cervical hyperaesthesia was present in 7/11 dogs. MRI revealed bilateral articular facet joint degeneration in 10/11 cases and unilateral degeneration in one. Surgery was performed in six cases and medical management elected in five. Long-term follow-up information was available for 11 animals. Four of the surgical cases are alive and have no neurological deficits, one was euthanased for an unrelated condition and one lost to follow-up. Of the cases managed medically, three are alive showing no neurological deficits, one is alive still displaying neurological deficits and one euthanased for an unrelated condition whilst still ataxic. This study shows that both medical and surgical management can result in good outcomes in dogs with vertebral canal stenosis resulting from articular facet joint degeneration at the level of C2-C3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy at the C2‐C3 articular facet joint in 11 dogs

et al. 2015

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“…Jiang et al [6] presented a 16-year-old boy who had atlas hypoplasia and axis laminae invagination. Passias et al [7] described the coexistence of axis invagination and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in a 49-year-old male patient. Moon et al [9] presented the case of a 56-year-old man with axis invagination and spina bifida of the C7 vertebrae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posterior arch chondrification begins at 6 weeks of embryogenesis and ossification completes by 3-4 years of age [4]. Ossification centers fuse to the body at about 7 years of age [7]. The failure of this process results in floating laminae of the axis [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Invaginated Laminae of the Axis into the Spinal Canal in a Pediatric Patient

et al. 2018

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Cervical myelopathy caused by invaginated laminae of the axis is an extremely rare entity. Advanced imaging techniques are useful to define this rare pathology and site of the spinal canal compression. Surgical removal of the floating laminae is commonly an adequate treatment method. Fusion procedures should be added in the presence of instability. There are few cases of invaginated anomalous laminae of the axis in the literature. In this report, to the best of our knowledge having reviewed the literature, the youngest and first female patient is presented.

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“…[ 4 , 5 ] Until now, only a few cases of upper cervical cord compression have been reported. [ 6 , 7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 11 , 12 ] OPLL at the C1 and C2 segments is a rare occurrence, and only a handful of cases have been documented in the literature. [ 7 , 13 , 14 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiological manifestations and surgical outcome of combined upper cervical cord compression and cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with a minimum 2-year follow-up

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2017

Medicine

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Combined upper cervical cord compression associated with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a rare and under-recognized disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiological manifestations and surgical outcome of this combined disease.Between May 2011 and July 2015, patients who underwent surgery for combined upper cervical cord compression and cervical OPLL in our institution were included in this study. After a minimum 2-year follow-up, radiological and clinical data were collected. The etiology of upper cervical cord compression and radiological features of cervical OPLL was determined. Surgical outcome was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association score (JOA), space available for the spinal cord (SAC) at the cephalad adjacent level, occupying ratio of OPLL and cervical lordosis.In total, 24 patients (11 men and 13 women) with a mean age of 57.9 years old were included. The etiology of upper cervical cord compression included craniovertebral junction deformity (n = 10), atlantoaxial subluxation (n = 5), and OPLL extending to C2 level (n = 9). The extent, type, and thickest level of cervical OPLL varied among the patients. Significant improvement of VAS and JOA score was noted postoperatively and at a minimum 2-year follow-up. The result was satisfactory in SAC at the cephalad level and occupying ratio of OPLL. There were no significant differences in C2/C7 lordotic angle at the preoperative, postoperative and the last follow-up examination.In conclusion, the radiological manifestations of combined upper cervical cord compression and cervical OPLL varied among the patients. Satisfied results can be achieved with adequate surgical treatment a minimum 2-year follow-up.

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Combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at C2–3 and invagination of the posterior axis resulting in Myelopathy

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy at the C2‐C3 articular facet joint in 11 dogs

Osseous associated cervical spondylomyelopathy at the C2‐C3 articular facet joint in 11 dogs

Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Invaginated Laminae of the Axis into the Spinal Canal in a Pediatric Patient

Radiological manifestations and surgical outcome of combined upper cervical cord compression and cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with a minimum 2-year follow-up

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