Combined NMDA Inhibitor Use in a Patient With Multisubstance-induced Psychotic Disorder

Caloro, Matteo; Calabrò, Giuseppa; Pisa, Eleonora De; Rosini, Enrico; Kotzalidis, Georgios D.; Lonati, Davide; Locatelli, Carlo; Papa, P.; Schifano, Fabrizio; Girardi, Paolo

doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000390

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…'robo-ing', 'robocopping', or 'robo-tripping'), is being observed, with 'out-of-body' experiences, bizarre/idiosyncratic/violent behaviour, paranoid thinking, perceptual distortion, and vivid auditory/visual hallucinations [103; 111]. Increase in body temperature (which may be a sign of a serotonergic syndrome) [21], tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnoea, restlessness, hyperreflexia, and respiratory depression may occur [103; 107-109; 111]. Fatal outcomes following the ingestion of even massive amounts of DXM alone are rare [112].…”

Section: Pcp Ketamine and Remaining Dissociativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, any such items will be temporarily removed from the repository pending investigation.

show abstract

Section: Pcp Ketamine and Remaining Dissociativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…14,17,18 Some symptoms may be even indistinguishable from those of major psychoses and thus it could be misdiagnosed. 19 Moreover, MXP is sometimes used in combination with other NPS, 20 which further complicates attributing particular effects to the substances. This further exerts pressure on keeping the methods up to date to be able to detect xenobiotics in biological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A structural spectroscopic study of dissociative anaesthetic methoxphenidine

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

1,2-Diarylethylamine- and Ketamine-Based New Psychoactive Substances

Wallach

Brandt

2018

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine remain the most well-studied and widely known dissociative drugs, a number of other agents have appeared since the late 1950s and early 1960s, when the pharmacological potential of this class was first realized. For example, hundreds of compounds have been pursued as part of legitimate research efforts to explore these agents. Some of these found their way out of the research labs and onto illicit markets of the 1960s and following decades as PCP analogs. Other "illicit analogs" apparently never appeared in the scientific literature prior to their existence on clandestine markets, thus originating as novel innovations in the minds of clandestine chemists and their colleagues. Like so much else in this world, new technologies changed this dynamic. In the 1990s individuals separated by vast geographical distances could now communicate nearly instantaneously with ease through the Internet. Some individuals used this newly found opportunity to discuss the chemistry and psychoactive effects of dissociative drugs as well as to collaborate on the design and development of novel dissociative compounds. Similar to modern pharmaceutical companies and academic researchers, these seekers tinkered with the structure of their leads pursuing goals such as improved duration of action, analgesic effects, and reduced toxicity. Whether all these goals were achieved for any individual compound remains to be seen, but their creations have been let out of the bag and are now materialized as defined compositions of matter. Moreover, these creations now exist not only in and of themselves but live on further as permutations into various novel analogs and derivatives. In some cases these compounds have made their way to academic labs where potential clinical applications have been identified. These compounds reached wider distribution when other individuals picked up on these discussions and began to market them as "research chemicals" or "legal highs". The result is a continuously evolving game that is being played between legislatures, law enforcement, and research chemical market players. Two structurally distinct classes that have appeared as dissociative-based new psychoactive substances (NPS) are the 1,2-diarylethylamines and β-keto-arylcyclohexylamines. Examples of the former include diphenidine and various analogs such as fluorolintane and N-ethyl-lanicemine, and examples of the latter are analogs of ketamine such as methoxetamine, deschloroketamine, and 2-fluoro-2-deschloroketamine. The subject of this chapter is the introduction to some of the dissociative NPS from these classes and their known pharmacology that have emerged on the market in recent years.

show abstract

Combined NMDA Inhibitor Use in a Patient With Multisubstance-induced Psychotic Disorder

Abstract: This case points to the need for better control of drugs sold on the internet. It also illustrates that people using NMDA antagonists may present clinical pictures indistinguishable from those of major psychoses and are likely to be misdiagnosed.

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues

New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), Psychedelic Experiences and Dissociation: Clinical and Clinical Pharmacological Issues

A structural spectroscopic study of dissociative anaesthetic methoxphenidine

1,2-Diarylethylamine- and Ketamine-Based New Psychoactive Substances

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About