Combined Monte Carlo simulation and Ray Tracing method of indoor radio propagation channel

Abstract

Consider c0s(T/2 cos(e)) This paper presents a simulation tool based on a ' ( 4 , 6 ) = ( sin(e)

Efficient and fast Gaussian beam-tracking approach for indoor-propagation modeling

“…The complexity of the environment complicates the determination of the paths. Various techniques have been proposed to reduce the number of rays to trace, among which the combined Monte Carlo/ ray-tracing method [11,12], the mixed "ray-launching/tracing" method [13], and the "tube ray-launching" technique [14].…”

“…Optical microcavities [1], which confine light in small volumes, offer applications for low-threshold microlasers [2,3], optical add/drop filters [4 -7], nonlinear optics [2], single-photon sources [8,9], biosensing [10], and so forth. Recent studies have shown that microcavities in 2D photonic-crystal (PhC) slabs (for example, see [11][12][13]) could provide both a high quality factor (Q) and ultra-small, wavelength-scale mode volume (V), which is critical for these applications. For example, a cavity with Q ϭ 4.5 ϫ 10 4 and V ϭ 7.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ14 cm 3 has been demonstrated experimentally [11], by carefully tuning the position of surrounding air holes.…”

“…Recent studies have shown that microcavities in 2D photonic-crystal (PhC) slabs (for example, see [11][12][13]) could provide both a high quality factor (Q) and ultra-small, wavelength-scale mode volume (V), which is critical for these applications. For example, a cavity with Q ϭ 4.5 ϫ 10 4 and V ϭ 7.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ14 cm 3 has been demonstrated experimentally [11], by carefully tuning the position of surrounding air holes. The experimental Q has been pushed further to 10 5 by tuning more surrounding holes [14].…”