Combined Linear and $\Delta$-Modulated Switch-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters

Kitchen, Jennifer; Chu, Ching-Ho; Kiaei, S.; Bakkaloglu, Bertan

doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.2011010

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The upper limit of this amplitude is given in (6), considering that the most significant aliasing occurs when harmonics of f mod intermodulate with the fundamental of Fs.…”

Section: B Switching Fr Equencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specifications of high-frequency DC/DC converters for battery-operated class-F RF applications

Bathily

Allard

Hasbani

et al. 2012

2012 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC)

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System-on-Chip requirements for Energy Manage ment push both technology and design of voltage regulators to their limits. Integration constraints are added to high perfor mance needs in terms of power efficiency and dynamic perfor mance of the power converters. Switch-mode power supplies are intended to supplant linear voltage regulators. The paper details a methodology to deal with the different trade-offs introduced by the various specifications and constraints of embedded SMPSs. The design methodology is applied to the standard analog step-down SMPS architecture operating at very high switching frequency, and verified experimentally. The results are measured on test-chips fabricated in standard 0.25-um BiCMOS technology, operating at 200M Hz with a power efficiency up to 80% and a small-signal bandwidth of 15MHz.

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“…The upper limit of this amplitude is given in (6), considering that the most significant aliasing occurs when harmonics of f mod intermodulate with the fundamental of Fs.…”

Section: B Switching Fr Equencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [4], [6] a variable switching frequency is applied to the SMPS in order to balance the degradation of the efficiency at low power that results from a high switching frequency. But a variable switching frequency leads to a high near channel noise unlike a fixed switching frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specifications of high-frequency DC/DC converters for battery-operated class-F RF applications

Bathily

Allard

Hasbani

et al. 2012

2012 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC)

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“…Synchronization (delay) errors between the envelope and the signal prevent modem implementations of envelope elimination and restoration (EER) from meeting modem linearity standards [12]- [13]. However, [14] meets linearity specifications by coupling the output of the PA from the antenna back in feedback fashion, as Fig. 8 shows, to the controlling input of the dynamic supply.…”

Section: Nonlinear Power-amplifier Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 shows, to the controlling input of the dynamic supply. In other words, [14] regulates the PA's output directly, rather than its supply. Because the coupler required does not degrade efficiency, EER supply efficiency Tjps is equivalent to that of ET's for linear PAs [4], which means EER can achieve (from Fig.…”

Section: Nonlinear Power-amplifier Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative efficiency analysis of dynamically supplied power amplifiers (PA)

Lazaro

Rincón-Mora

2010

2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems

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Data throughput, reliability, bit-error rates (BER), and backward compatibility complicate modern protocols so much that power amplifiers (PA) drive and demand most of the power mobile devices consume. As a result, PA power efficiency often limits battery life, which is why dynamically adaptive supplies are popular today. Justifying one supply scheme over another in terms of efficiency, however, is not straightforward. This paper analyzes the fundamental loss mechanisms in PAs to compare how power-and envelope-tracking (PT and ET) supplies improve efficiency. Results show that, even when ET supply efficiencies are 20% worse than PT's, ET schemes are 4% -29% more efficient than PT systems for CDMA 1895 (and UMT8), CDMA 2000, and 802.11 a/g protocols across input power, and better in newer protocols where peak-average ratios (PAR) are higher. In fact, envelope elimination and restoration (EER) with a dynamic supply and feedback is optimal with 29% -35% more efficiency than Class-A ET because a nonlinear PA dissipates little conduction power, the smart supply loses less power than the nonlinear PA saves, and feedback corrects nonlinear errors.Index Terms-Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER), Envelope Tracking, Power Tracking, Power Amplifier (PA). I. POWER-AMPLIFIER EFFICIENCYS MALL and large-scale systems save energy, time, cost, and lives by sharing information across a networked space. In this context, mobile and portable wireless devices play a pivotal role in gathering and disseminating intelligence. Unfortunately, replacing or recharging batteries across a wide area network demands personnel costs and disrupts the network's connectivity, ultimately curbing the benefits of communication. Battery life, as a result, is a critical parameter.Prolonging the single-charge life of a small (and easily exhaustible) state-of-the-art battery amounts to decreasing losses in the system. Regrettably, radiating electromagnetic waves is fundamentally lossy because distant receivers only absorb a small fraction of what a transmitter delivers. As a result, the radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) demands most of the power a system dissipates [1]-[2], which means that extending life hinges on increasing PA efficiency. II. SUPPLy-MODULATED SCHEMESPAs fall under two categories: linear and nonlinear. While linear PAs amplify their inputs linearly to produce outputs Manuscript ).978-1-4244-8157-6/1 0/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE 607 with proportionately higher power, nonlinear PAs generate constant output power, irrespective of the input. Power in nonlinear outputs, however, increases with supply voltage so adjusting the supply modulates the nonlinear PA's power gain. A. Linear Power AmplifiersIn linear PAs, maximum output power dictates the physical size and conduction time of the lossy power switch for a particular supply voltage V 00. As such, conventional designs favor peak-load efficiency T]PK over its backed-off counterpart T]80 because the voltage (power) dropped across the switch is high during back-off conditions, as the los...

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Envelope tracking using transient waveform switching shaping supply modulation

Modi

Balsara

Eliezer

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYA novel supply modulation scheme for envelope tracking for a power amplifier in a transmitter is proposed, which follows a control principle that is fundamentally different from the existing ones. Instead of regulating the supply modulator's output in accordance with a given reference signal, the system utilizes a look-ahead window and synthesizes pulses for the supply modulator such that its output tracks the envelope of the radio frequency signal amplified by the power amplifier, while minimizing its switching rate. Simulation results for a 5 MHz Long Term Evolution signal with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation indicates that the proposed technique provides very high average efficiency (84%) while maintaining a very low ratio between the switching frequency and the envelope bandwidth.

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Combined Linear and $\Delta$-Modulated Switch-Mode PA Supply Modulator for Polar Transmitters

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Specifications of high-frequency DC/DC converters for battery-operated class-F RF applications

Specifications of high-frequency DC/DC converters for battery-operated class-F RF applications

Comparative efficiency analysis of dynamically supplied power amplifiers (PA)

Envelope tracking using transient waveform switching shaping supply modulation

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