Combined Iron-Loaded Zeolites and Ozone-Based Process for the Purification of Drinking Water in a Novel Hybrid Reactor: Removal of Faecal Coliforms and Arsenic

Abstract

This study was carried out to provide a novel solution to treat drinking water at household levels, specifically removing arsenic (As) and faecal coliforms (microbes). In the current investigation, a synergistic iron-loaded zeolites and ozonation process (O3/Fe-ZA) was used for the first time in a modified batch reactor to remove coliform bacteria and arsenic in tap water. Moreover, the study utilizes the human health risk assessment model to confirm the health risk due to As intake in drinking water. The risk assessment study revealed a health risk threat among the residents suffering from the adverse effects of As through its intake in drinking water. Furthermore, the results also suggested that the O3/Fe-ZA process significantly removes faecal coliforms and As, when compared with single ozonation processes. Additionally, the ozone dose 0.2 mg/min and Fe-ZA dose of 10 g (in the O3/Fe-ZA process) gives the maximum removal efficiency of 100% within 15 min for faecal coliform removal. In 30 min, the removal efficiency of 88.4% was achieved at the ozone dose of 0.5 mg/min and 93% removal efficiency was achieved using 10 g Fe-ZA for the removal of As in the O3/Fe-ZA process. Hence, it was concluded that the O3/Fe-ZA process may be regarded as an effective method for removing faecal coliforms and As from drinking water compared to the single ozonation processes.

Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities

“…The materials employed must not actively interact with hydrogen or any other process. In addition, traditional storage methodologies using high-pressure gas cylinders (compressed hydrogen) and liquid hydrogen; the physical adsorption of H2 on materials with significant variables, such as a large specific surface area; and hydrogen intercalation in metals and complex hydrides resulting in the storage of H2 in metals have been thoroughly examined [53][54][55][56]. Reversible hydrogen storage was achieved with an acceptable performance by the 2LiBH 4 -MgH 2 system; however, high temperatures and poor dehydrogenation kinetics were encountered [57].…”

Application of Nanocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Purification: Challenges and Future Prospects

“…However, in many recent investigations, real wastewater samples were used to study the effectiveness of these materials. Ikhlaq et al [76] used iron-loaded zeolites-A to treat municipal wastewater in catalytic ozonation-based AOP. The results revealed that about 90% reduction in COD values was achieved in 1 h ozonation (O 3 = 0.9 mg/min) [29].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

“…In fact, during the pyrolysis event, coke production easily blocks the zeolite ZSM-5 micropores. In biomass conversion processes, introduction of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites, which are firmly mesoporous, for instance, as a result of desilication [ 90 ], might enhance catalyst stability with time-on-stream [ 91 , 92 ]…”