Combined ionic liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide based dynamic extraction of six cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.

Abstract

A newly developed ionic liquid (IL) based supercritical CO2 extraction technique allows the solvent-free acquisition of cannabinoids from industrial hemp.

Enzyme‐Assisted Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Flavonoids from Apple Pomace (Malus×domestica)

“…Yields of 0.25 μmol/g of flavonoid aglycones 1 a – d were achieved after two hours of supercritical fluid extraction (total flow: 5 mL/min) [43] with 20 v % of MeOH.…”

Extraction techniques for bioactive compounds of cannabis

“…Milling and grinding prior to storage can have a considerable impact on the outcome, since these processes can not only contaminate the sample but also modify its composition, thus storage and analysis aer milling/grinding 117,124,155,156 means that information on the composition of the original plant material has been lost. Drying of the plant material prior to storage and analysis is oen reported; however, when drying is performed at elevated temperature [157][158][159][160] it leads to decarboxylation, thereby modifying the original composition of the material. It is not uncommon though that the drying is simply performed at RT.…”

“…Recently, the combination of scCO 2 with ionic liquids (ILs) for the extraction of cannabinoids from industrial hemp has been reported (Table 3, entries 20–22). 157 The ability of ILs for partial dissolution of the hemp material prior to scCO 2 extraction was exploited; a relatively short time (15 min) at 70 °C, is enough to maximize the cannabinoid yield (THC, CBD, CBG) during the IL-based pretreatment step. Subsequent dilution before the scCO 2 extraction with H 2 O is deemed necessary to reduce viscosity and optimize the mass transport, thereby allowing better scCO 2 penetration and higher extraction yields.…”

“…It is not uncommon though that the drying is simply performed at RT. 120,124,151 As a far as storage is concerned, storage conditions of RT, 117,149,156 4 °C, 124,126 <18 °C/refrigerator 155,161 and even −20 °C 157 have been reported. Even more unfortunate than the variation of storage conditions though is the unclear and/or incomplete storage and/or pre-treatment information of the sample material, 118–120,125,131–133,151–154,158–160,162–164 while even in the cases that this information is complete the duration of the storage is not discussed at all.…”

Covalent Organic Framework Membrane with Angstrom Discrimination in Pore Size for Highly Permselective Ionic Liquid Nanofiltration

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) have found wide-ranging applications in numerous fields, such as catalysis, − electrochemistry, − cellulose dissolution, − and gas absorption, − owing to their unique physicochemical properties, which include ultralow vapor pressure, high electric conductivity, excellent catalytic activity, and tunable molecular structure. − However, their potential environmental impact and relatively high cost have raised significant concerns, promoting a compelling need to recycle ILs, particularly water-soluble ILs, which are commonly used. Traditional IL-recycling methods such as distillation − and extraction − have limitations. In this context, nanofiltration membranes have emerged as an energy-efficient and rapidly growing alternative, offering advantages such as lower cost, a smaller footprint, and easier maintenance. − The adoption of nanofiltration membranes aligns with the sustainable development goals of conserving resources and reducing the environmental impact.…”