Combined Individual and Group Therapy for Vietnam Veterans

Brende, Joel Osler

doi:10.1080/00207284.1981.11491714

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Vietnam veteran clients with PTSD symptomatology (Brende, 1981;Scurfield, 1985;Smith, 1980Smith, , 1985Wilson, 1980). The possible link between a troubling episode and the veterans current distress can be explored within the rap group.…”

Section: Animating Action and The Survivor Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some experts disagree with the effectiveness of this type of group and state that they are too limiting as a process group. The climate can suggest that only certain topics such as anger, emotional constriction or substance abuse or specific reactions and attitudes are legitimate subject subjects for discussion and the focus is too narrow (Brende, 1981;Scurfield, 1985;Walker, 1981). In a fully effective group, Scurfield (1985) believes that each member should feel that anything can be addressed and considered.…”

Section: Topic-centered Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development, diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and the Vietnam veteran population

Fisher¹

2000

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Section: Animating Action and The Survivor Missionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Topic-centered Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and the Vietnam veteran population

Fisher¹

2000

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“…There has been an increased recognition of the need to combine traditional group procedures with the knowledge gained from rap groups. For example, Brende (1981) has used the phrase ~rap-group therapy" to refer to the therapeutic processes involved in Vietnam veteran groups led by nonveteran therapists who have an understanding of post-Vietnam combat symptoms. Many professionals currently focus on delineating the special characteristics of groups comprised of Vietnam veterans that make them different from other types of therapy or self-help groups.…”

Section: Distinctions Between Rap Groups and Traditional Therapy Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group therapy with Vietnam veterans: A brief review

Kaufman

1988

Group

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“…In these instances, the memories of some Vietnam experiences were either so noxious to the veteran, or the veteran had so strongly resisted recalling them, that the therapeutic focus centered on the veteran's allowing himself to be reimmersed in that memory/experience in a kind of reenactment of the event and feelings (Brende, 1981;Scurfield, 1984}. At such times, it was not only irrelevant, but would have deflected from the reimmersion process to also bring current life situations into that treatment episode.…”

Section: Time Frame~context Of Issues and Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several therapeutic themes have been described by various writers as primary in Vietnam combat veteran rap groups (Brende, 1981;Egendorf, 1975;Lifton, 1973;Williams, 1980}. There was a question as to whether the major therapeutic themes of self-help rap groups led primarily by paraprofessional/Vietnam veteran peer counselors would be similar to the themes of therapy groups led by mental health professionals in a medical setting.…”

Section: Major Therapeutic Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three post-Vietnam ?rap/therapy? groups: An analysis

Scurfield

Corker

Gongla

et al. 1984

Group

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An analysis is presented of the content and process over a one year's period of time of 81 sessions with three therapy groups of help-seeking Vietnam theater veterans. Data were collected concerning the frequency and content of the symptoms and issues that were discussed, the frequency and relationship of the discussion of current life issues versus Vietnam and pre-and post-Vietnam life issues, the predominant therapeutic themes that emerged in the groupsOne of the maj or therapeutic approaches to treatment for survivors of trauma who manifest post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is the peer-oriented treatment group comprised of fellow survivors. Since the early 1970s, "rap groups" of Vietnam veterans have been found particularly helpful in dealing with residuals of the Vietnam and stressful post-Vietnam homecoming experiences. The groups have tried to help veterans process unresolved traumatic combat experiences and accompanying post-traumatic stress symptoms, such as intrusive thoughts and memories of Vietnam, survivor's guilt, and sleep disturbances, and to deal with the compounded and exacerbated feelings of being used, abused and discarded caused by the "unwelcome home" accorded many Vietnam veterans. To date, literature about such Vietnam veteran's rap groups has consisted almost entirely of the reporting of retrospective clinical impressions about what has gone on in the rap groups. Clinical retrospections and impressions are valuable sources of data; however, they lack a more objective and systematic approach to data collection. Also, since there has been much disagreement about what symptoms should be included in the diagnostic category of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as it relates in particular to combat veterans, reports on the nature of rap group treatment for PTSD have focused on different symptoms and issues.In this article, we first selectively review the major themes in the literature that describe what typically has been discussed in rap groups of Vietnam combat veterans. Then, we describe the results of a systematic approach to data collection over a year's period of time in three Vietnam combat veterans' "rap/ therapy" groups facilitated by mental health professionals. Data were collected concerning the symptoms or issues that were discussed, major therapeutic themes, and the kinds of therapy interventions provided by the group facilitators. Finally, implications for a combined "rap" and "therapy" group structure and format li.e., "rap/therapy" group} are discussed. BACKGROUND

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Combined Individual and Group Therapy for Vietnam Veterans

Cited by 39 publications

References 3 publications

Development, diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and the Vietnam veteran population

Development, diagnosis and treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and the Vietnam veteran population

Group therapy with Vietnam veterans: A brief review

Three post-Vietnam ?rap/therapy? groups: An analysis

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